Oxidation of activated carbon by dry and wet methods

Jaramillo, J.; Álvarez, Pedro M.; Gómez-Serrano, V.

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.07.018

Cited by 194 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…, nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, chlorine water, etc. ) [205]. Treatment of activated carbon with hydrogen peroxide increases the enrichment efficiency relative to non-oxidized activated carbon [206].…”

Section: Adsorbents For Fluoride Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Adsorption of Fluoride from Aqueous Solution

Ravančić²,

2014

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Fluoride is one of the anionic contaminants which is found in excess in surface or groundwater because of geochemical reactions or anthropogenic activities such as the disposal of industrial wastewaters. Among various methods used for defluoridation of water such as coagulation, precipitation, membrane processes, electrolytic treatment, ion-exchange, the adsorption process is widely used. It offers satisfactory results and seems to be a more attractive method for the removal of fluoride in terms of cost, simplicity of design and operation. Various conventional and non-conventional adsorbents have been assessed for the removal of fluoride from water. In this review, a list of various adsorbents (oxides and hydroxides, biosorbents, geomaterials, carbonaceous materials and industrial products and by-products) and its modifications from literature are surveyed and their adsorption capacities under various conditions are compared. The effect of other impurities on fluoride removal has also been discussed. This survey showed that various adsorbents, especially binary and trimetal oxides and hydroxides, have good potential for the fluoride removal from aquatic environments.

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Section: Adsorbents For Fluoride Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Adsorption of Fluoride from Aqueous Solution

Ravančić²,

2014

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“…The oxidation of microporous ACs has been largely studied in the past. The effect of multiple different oxidation methods and conditions on their properties and applications was analyzed (Shen et al, 2008;Daud and Houshamnd, 2010;Jaramillo et al, 2010;Rivera-Utrilla et al, 2011;Thakur and Thakur, 2016). So far, liquid-phase chemical oxidation by using H 2 O 2 , HNO 3 or (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8 has been the most studied oxidative method (Otake and Jenkins, 1993;Moreno-Castilla et al, 1995, 1998De la Puente et al, 1997;Gil et al, 1997;Mangun et al, 1999;Pradhan and Sandle, 1999;El-Sayed and Bandosz, 2001;Shim et al, 2001;Strelko and Malik, 2002;El-Hendawy, 2003;Li et al, 2003Li et al, , 2011Houshmand et al, 2011;Ternero-Hidalgo et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidation of Different Microporous Carbons by Chemical and Electrochemical Methods

Berenguer

Morallón

2019

Front. Mater.

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The functionalization of high surface area microporous carbon materials by oxidative treatments receives great interest for multiple applications. The micropore structure of the material and the oxidation method could play an important role in the process. In this work, we analyze and compare the effects of liquid-phase chemical and alternative electrochemical oxidation treatments in the textural and chemical properties of four microporous carbon materials, namely a granular-, cloth-, and powder-like activated carbon (AC) and a powdery zeolite templated carbon (ZTC). Particularly, we provide new data on oxidation kinetics and changes on microporosity and surface chemistry of various microporous carbons. Characterization techniques reveal that the extent, textural changes, and selectivity of the oxidation greatly depend on the type of microporous material and the oxidation method. The incorporation of surface oxygen groups (SOGs) generally causes a more-or-less significant decrease in the measured micropore volume and the specific surface area. In the studied ACs, the extent of oxidation and BET surface area reduction augment with their micropore volume, and the textural changes seem to be governed by the micropore blockage by SOGs. The disordered microporous structure of these materials is then quite robust toward oxidation, but its heterogeneity may contribute to the lack of selectivity during this process. By contrast, the regular micropore framework of the ZTC is rapidly destroyed even under soft oxidizing conditions, but it is proposed to promote certain selectivity during oxidation. The high reactivity and structural fragility of ZTC are assigned to the weak interconnections and large number of exposed edge sites in its structure. Our results demonstrate the fast oxidation rate of chemical treatments under different conditions, especially in the case of ZTC, what is proposed to restrict the control and to limit the oxidizability and selectivity of these functionalization processes. Contrarily, the electrochemical treatments are proved to better control the kinetics of oxidative functionalization, what may explain the observed higher efficiency and selectivity for SOGs introduction and the minimization of degradation in fragile microporous structures.

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“…From 2 mmol/g of O-containing groups at the carbon surface the value of pH pzc is under 4 and stabilizes between 3.5 and 2 for higher values of oxygen functions. Jaramillo et al [35] studied different methods of oxygenation on activated carbons and observed the same trend. In this study the raw-char sample contains already 3.0 mmol/gchar and the content of the functionalized chars has been increased.…”

Section: Global Aciditymentioning

confidence: 65%