Oxidation of activated carbon by hydrogen peroxide. Study of surface functional groups by FT-i.r.

Gómez-Serrano, V.; Acedo-Ramos, M.; López-Peinado, A.J.; Valenzuela-Calahorro, C.

doi:10.1016/0016-2361(94)90092-2

Cited by 105 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The absorption band at 1737 cm À 1 suggests the presence of stretching (C¼O) vibrations arising from groups such as lactone, ethers and carboxylic acids. Moreover, the various absorption bands at 1249, 1155, 1105, 1056 and 1033 cm À 1 are assigned to stretching (C2 2O) vibrations in hydroxyl groups and ether type structure (Cox et al, 1999;Gomez-Serrano et al, 1994). This agrees with the established data that the sugar beet pulp is characterized by the presence of À COOH, ÀOH and C¼O groups (Aksu and I's°oglu, 2005;Reddad et al, 2002).…”

Section: Native Pulpsupporting

confidence: 89%

Biosorptive-flotation of copper(II) from environmental water samples using sugar beet pulp as sorbent and oleic acid as surfactant

Ghazy

Khedr

Youssef

2009

Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability

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Trace elements, especially toxic metals, are considered to be one of the main sources of pollution in the environment, since they have a significant effect on its ecological quality. The present study aims to develop a simple biosorptive-flotation method to remove Cu(II) from aqueous solutions using sugar beet pulp (SBP) as sorbent and oleic acid (HOL) as surfactant. SBP as an agricultural plant waste (which is an effective and inexpensive sorbent) was used as native sugar beet pulp (NSBP), i.e. without treatment, or after treatment with an acid (ASBP) or a base (BSBP). The main parameters (initial pH, sorbent, Cu 2 þ ions and surfactant concentrations, shaking times, temperature, ionic strength and the presence of foreign ions) that influence the flotation process were examined. Under the optimum experimental conditions, at pH 7 and at room temperature ( $ 25 C), about 100% of Cu(II) was removed. The recommended procedure was successfully applied to recover Cu 2 þ ions spiked in aqueous solution and in natural water samples.

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Section: Native Pulpsupporting

confidence: 89%

Biosorptive-flotation of copper(II) from environmental water samples using sugar beet pulp as sorbent and oleic acid as surfactant

Ghazy

Khedr

Youssef

2009

Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability

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“…N 2 -AC displayed a band at ca. 1200 cm -1 that was derived from stretching of the C-O bond in ether structures or stretching of the C-OH bond in phenolic OH (Fanning and Vannice, 1993;Gomez-Serrano et al, 1994;Gomez-Serrano et al, 1996;Figueiredo et al, 1999;Szabo et al, 2006;Keiluweit et al, 2010). Oxidative modification of macromolecular carbon by HNO 3 and H 2 O 2 increased the functionalities of ether (C-O) or C-OH as indicated by the growth of the band peak at ca.…”

Section: Surface Area Free Radical and Functional Groups Of Macromomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The large structure of macromolecular carbon is characterized by various indicators such as surface area, free radical, and functional groups (Hontoria-Lucas et al, 1995;Manivannan et al, 1999;Adib et al, 2000;Takaoka et al, 2007). These properties of the large structure of macromolecular carbon can be altered following the application of various chemical solutions including nitric acid (HNO 3 ), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ), and urea (Otake and Jenkins, 1993;Gomez-Serrano et al, 1994;Gomez-Serrano et al, 1997;Adib et al, 2000;Takaoka et al, 2007). To better understand the oxidative destruction of macromolecular carbon during de novo synthesis, developing a quantitative data set related to the properties of macromolecular carbon would be beneficial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Properties of Macromolecular Carbon on de Novo Synthesis of PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs, and Chlorobenzenes

Fujimori

Nishimura

Oshita

et al. 2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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We examined the influence of the properties of macromolecular carbon on thermochemical de novo synthesis of toxic chlorinated aromatic compounds (aromatic-Cls), such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), furans (PCDFs), biphenyls (PCBs), and chlorobenzenes (CBzs). Six types of macromolecular carbons were prepared. Some activated carbon samples were modified by chemical solvents, such as nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, sulfuric acid, and urea solutions, to change the properties of the activated carbon. We characterized six macromolecular carbons by surface area (8.8-1540 m 2 /g), free radicals (N s = not analyzed to 67.0 × 10 19 g -1 , g = 2.0011-2.0098), and functional groups (O-H, C-H, C=O, C=C, C-O, and C-OH). Concentrations of aromatic-Cls at 300-400°C, such as PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs, and CBzs, were clearly influenced by the type of macromolecular carbon. Their distribution between the ash/gas phases implied that increasing the surface area mainly enhanced the adsorption capacity of macromolecular carbon, while increasing the number of free radicals mainly enhance the reaction activity of macromolecular carbon. The PCDD/PCDF ratio suggested that various modifications of macromolecular carbon contributed to the generation of PCDDs in addition to the catalytic behavior of copper. Under most conditions, the surface area of macromolecular carbon did not have a strong correlation with the generation of PCDDs, PCBs, and CBzs, but it did show have a correlation with the generation of PCDFs. One of the destructive effects of aromatic-Cls resulted from the free radicals in macromolecular carbon. The C=O bond (ca. 1720 cm -1 ) functional group in macromolecular carbon had no strong correlation with the generation of aromatic-Cls, because free radicals had a destructive effect. The functionalities of ether (C-O) or phenolic OH (C-OH) in macromolecular carbon were causative factors in the generation of oxygen-containing aromatic-Cls, such as PCDDs and PCDFs.

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“…3 shows the infrared spectra of both carbons. The broad bands at 3440 cm -1 for DC and 3400 cm -1 for AC correspond to hydrogen bonded OH stretching vibrations [15]. Stretching C−H vibrations in CH 3 and CH 2 groups appear in the DC spectrum at 2946 and 2876 cm -1 , respectively.…”

Section: Carbon Physico-chemical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…An infrared analysis was carried out for DC and AC using a FT-IR spectrometer (Spectrun BX; PerkinElmer, Germany) after drying at 120°C for 2 h. Zero point of stretching vibration of C=O, COO -or to skeletal C=C aromatic vibrations. Other bands in the range (1400-1000 cm −1 ) are assigned to O−H bending and C−O stretching vibrations such as phenols and carboxylic acids [15].…”

Section: Physico-chemical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption of lisinopril and chlorpheniramine from aqueous solution on dehydrated and activated carbons

El-Shafey¹,

Lawati²,

Al-Saidi

2016

Carbon letters

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Date palm leaflets were used as a precursor to prepare dehydrated carbon (DC) via phosphoric acid treatment at 150°C. DC, acidified with H 3 PO 4 , was converted to activated carbon (AC) at 500°C under a nitrogen atmosphere. DC shows very low surface area (6.1 m 2 /g) while AC possesses very high surface area (829 m 2 /g). The removal of lisinopril (LIS) and chlorpheniramine (CP) from an aqueous solution was tested at different pH, contact time, concentration, and temperature on both carbons. The optimal initial pH for LIS removal was 4.0 and 5.0 for DC and AC, respectively. However, for CP, initial pH 9.0 showed maximum adsorption on both carbons. Adsorption kinetics showed faster removal on AC than DC with adsorption data closely following the pseudo second order kinetic model. Adsorption increases with temperature (25°C-45°C) and activation energy (E a ) is in a range of 19-25 kJ mol/L. Equilibrium studies show higher adsorption on AC than DC. Thermodynamic parameters show that drug removal is endothermic and spontaneous with physical adsorption dominating the adsorption process. Column adsorption data show good fitting to the Thomas model. Despite its very low surface area, DC shows ~70% of AC drug adsorption capacity in addition of being inexpensive and easily prepared.

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Oxidation of activated carbon by hydrogen peroxide. Study of surface functional groups by FT-i.r.

Cited by 105 publications

References 15 publications

Biosorptive-flotation of copper(II) from environmental water samples using sugar beet pulp as sorbent and oleic acid as surfactant

Biosorptive-flotation of copper(II) from environmental water samples using sugar beet pulp as sorbent and oleic acid as surfactant

Influence of the Properties of Macromolecular Carbon on de Novo Synthesis of PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs, and Chlorobenzenes

Adsorption of lisinopril and chlorpheniramine from aqueous solution on dehydrated and activated carbons

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