Oxidation of 60Si2MnA Steel in Atmospheres Containing Different Levels of Oxygen, Water Vapour and Carbon Dioxide at 700–1000 °C

Chen, Yisheng R.; Liu, Yu; Xu, Xuanxuan

doi:10.1007/s11085-019-09944-8

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The atomic ratio of Fe: Si: O of Spe 3 at 800 °C is 30.43: 7.93:60.93; at 1000 °C, the atomic ratio of Fe: Si: O of Spe 6 is 27.44: 9.82:61.54. Combined with the results of Chen et al, [ 61 ] it can be determined that this is an oxide layer made up of FeO and silicon oxide. Furthermore, some studies have been performed to differentiate the types of silicon oxide in the FeO layer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…The atomic ratio of Fe to O is close to 3:4 at positions of Spe 2 and 5 in the middle oxide layer, which is consistent with Fe 3 O 4 . Furthermore, Chen et al [ 61 ] investigated the oxidation behavior of 60Si2Mn spring steel in dry and wet air and discovered that the outermost formed oxide layer was Fe 2 O 3 and the middle oxide layer was Fe 3 O 4 , and the oxide layer near the matrix consisted of FeO and silicon oxides. Combining the EDS results and Chen's study, we can basically determine that in this work, the outermost oxide layer is Fe 2 O 3 and the middle oxide layer is Fe 3 O 4 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To determine the phase composition of the oxide layer, energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and XRD analyses were performed. The results of EDS are shown in Figure 5 and the position of the energy spectrum is marked , [61] it can be determined that this is an oxide layer made up of FeO and silicon oxide. Furthermore, some studies have been performed to differentiate the types of silicon oxide in the FeO layer.…”

Section: Layer Microstructure After Oxidation In Dry Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Li et al [2] discovered that when exposed to wet air, the high-temperature oxidation rate of plain carbon steel was increased, and many pores formed in the oxide layer. Chen et al [1] found that when both oxygen and water vapor were present in the environment, 60Si2MnA spring steel oxidation was dramatically accelerated. Rahmel et al [18] reported that adding water vapor to oxygen gas accelerated pure iron oxidation by 60% at 950 °C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High‐Temperature Oxidation of 60Si2Mn Spring Steel in Dry Air and Wet Air: Insights from an Experimental and First‐Principles Study

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2023

steel research int.

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During the hot‐rolling process, the 60Si2Mn spring steel is exposed to both dry air and water vapor at high temperatures. However, no precise mechanism or theory is developed to explain the effect of water vapor on the oxide layer from a microscopic atomic perspective. The high‐temperature oxidation of 60Si2Mn spring steel with dry and wet air is investigated herein using a combination of experiments and first‐principles calculations. After high‐temperature oxidation in both dry and wet air, the 60Si2Mn spring steel generates a typical three‐layer structure consisting of Fe2O3, Fe3O4, and FeO + SiO2/Fe2SiO4; however, the oxide layer produced in wet air is significantly thicker. Furthermore, the phase transformation from Fe3O4 to Fe2O3 occurs in the middle Fe3O4 layer, which is associated with H protons derived from H2O molecules penetrating into oxide layers and promoting the development of Fe vacancies in the center of the tetrahedral interstices. The high porosity of the Fe3O4 layer essentially encourages Fe and O diffusion, hence enhancing the growth of the oxide layer and facilitating the transformation from Fe3O4 to Fe2O3. These findings provide a more detailed mechanistic explanation of how water vapor affects the high‐temperature oxidation of 60Si2Mn spring steel at the atomic level.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Layer Microstructure After Oxidation In Dry Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High‐Temperature Oxidation of 60Si2Mn Spring Steel in Dry Air and Wet Air: Insights from an Experimental and First‐Principles Study

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2023

steel research int.

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“…[ 9–13 ] Hydrogen is a clean and efficient energy source, and the reduction product from oxide scale removal is water. Chen [ 14 ] used 5% H 2 –N 2 as a reducing atmosphere to systematically study the reduction kinetics of oxide scale across the width of hot rolled coils. The investigation found that the reduction rate was highest in regions with the greatest proportion of eutectoid structure, and this was attributed to the lower oxygen content of the oxide scale in the middle of the strip compared with the edge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics and Microstructure Transformations of Oxide Scale on Hot Rolled Steel Strip for Hot‐Dip Galvanizing during Reduction Annealing in 30% H₂–N₂ Atmosphere

Sun

Gao

Tang

et al. 2023

steel research int.

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The high surface quality and strong anticorrosion performance of galvanized steel sheet favor its widespread use in many industries such as construction, home appliance, automotive, and shipbuilding. The traditional production process of hot galvanized sheet can include hot rolling, pickling, cold rolling, cleaning, reduction annealing, and hotdip galvanizing. Pickling is an important process in the preparation of raw plate for hot-dip galvanizing, and concentrated mineral acids (e.g., hydrochloric [HCl] and sulfuric acids) are typically used to remove oxide scale on the surface of hot rolled steel strip. However, this process also results in consumption of the steel material, while over-and under-pickling can give rise to surface defects. In addition, emissions of HCl, a hazardous air pollutant, and the discharge of waste acid are of increasing environmental concern worldwide, particularly in those developing economies that have boosted steel production capacity. To overcome these issues, several acid-free (physical) descaling methods have been developed for oxide scale removal such as iron particle friction, plasma descaling, shot peening, grinding roller scrubbing, and spraying. [1][2][3] In the current economic climate, the steel industry faces major challenges to develop new and efficient green production technologies while realizing sustainable development.A typical pickling-free galvanized sheet production process comprises three main stages, i.e., hot rolling, reduction annealing, and hot-dip galvanizing. The hot rolling stage requires careful control to obtain oxide scale with a structure and thickness that is suitable for direct reduction. The oxide scale can then be reduced to pure iron in a reducing atmosphere, thus ensuring good wettability of the substrate for the continuous galvanizing processes. Hence, the shortcomings of pickling, and skip plating defects caused by the selective oxidation of alloyed elements like Si and Mn, are avoided. Waste acid emissions (equivalent to 20 kg per ton of steel) are also eliminated, and the overall production efficiency is much improved.The control of oxide scale on hot rolled steel strip during the pickling-free reduction galvanization process has been studied in detail. The oxide scale formed on iron during heating consists of three layers: the outermost layer is Fe 2 O 3 ; the middle layer comprises Fe 3 O 4 ; and the inner layer closest to the substrate is Fe 1 À y O. Between 570 and 1371 °C, the Fe 1 À y O phase is stable. As temperatures drop below 570 °C, Fe 1 À y O becomes unstable and transforms into a mixture of α-Fe and Fe 3 O 4 . According to the microstructure transformation mechanism of oxide scale, it

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Decarburization of 60Si2MnA in Atmospheres Containing Different Levels of Oxygen, Water Vapour and Carbon Dioxide at 700–1000 °C

Chen¹,

Xu²,

Liu³

2019

Oxid Met

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Oxidation of 60Si2MnA Steel in Atmospheres Containing Different Levels of Oxygen, Water Vapour and Carbon Dioxide at 700–1000 °C

Cited by 10 publications

References 27 publications

High‐Temperature Oxidation of 60Si2Mn Spring Steel in Dry Air and Wet Air: Insights from an Experimental and First‐Principles Study

High‐Temperature Oxidation of 60Si2Mn Spring Steel in Dry Air and Wet Air: Insights from an Experimental and First‐Principles Study

Kinetics and Microstructure Transformations of Oxide Scale on Hot Rolled Steel Strip for Hot‐Dip Galvanizing during Reduction Annealing in 30% H₂–N₂ Atmosphere

Decarburization of 60Si2MnA in Atmospheres Containing Different Levels of Oxygen, Water Vapour and Carbon Dioxide at 700–1000 °C

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Oxidation of 60Si2MnA Steel in Atmospheres Containing Different Levels of Oxygen, Water Vapour and Carbon Dioxide at 700–1000 °C

Cited by 10 publications

References 27 publications

High‐Temperature Oxidation of 60Si2Mn Spring Steel in Dry Air and Wet Air: Insights from an Experimental and First‐Principles Study

High‐Temperature Oxidation of 60Si2Mn Spring Steel in Dry Air and Wet Air: Insights from an Experimental and First‐Principles Study

Kinetics and Microstructure Transformations of Oxide Scale on Hot Rolled Steel Strip for Hot‐Dip Galvanizing during Reduction Annealing in 30% H2–N2 Atmosphere

Decarburization of 60Si2MnA in Atmospheres Containing Different Levels of Oxygen, Water Vapour and Carbon Dioxide at 700–1000 °C

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Kinetics and Microstructure Transformations of Oxide Scale on Hot Rolled Steel Strip for Hot‐Dip Galvanizing during Reduction Annealing in 30% H₂–N₂ Atmosphere