Oxidation mechanism of a Fe–9Cr–1Mo steel by liquid Pb–Bi eutectic alloy (Part I)

Martinelli, Laure; Balbaud-Célérier, F.; Picard, Gauthier; Santarini, G.

doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2008.06.050

Cited by 189 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…They showed that the gas/oxide and oxide/metal interfaces got enriched in 18 O. The formation of a similar duplex oxide layer with almost identical thicknesses ratio was observed on Fe-Cr alloys in past studies in CO 2 [10,19] and in other environments containing oxygen-bearing molecules such as H 2 O [20], SO 2 [21], and (Pb-Bi)-O [12][13][14]. In these last environments, hydrogen, sulphur and lead were found as well to accumulate at the oxide/metal interface.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Duplex Oxide Layer Formation On T91mentioning

confidence: 60%

“…This first paper is dedicated to the detailed description of the oxidation layers formed on T91 surface in all environmental conditions and their evolution with time. From these observations, a model of duplex oxide layer formation inspired by models already proposed in the past for 9 wt% Cr steels in CO 2 [8][9][10][11] and from a more recent model developed by Martinelli et al [12][13][14] for corrosion in oxygen saturated liquid Pb-Bi is proposed. The second article (part II) [15] focuses on the carburization phenomenon of T91.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Corrosion of 9Cr Steel in CO2 at Intermediate Temperature I: Mechanism of Void-Induced Duplex Oxide Formation

et al. 2011

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Under CO 2 exposure at an intermediate temperature, typically 550°C, 9Cr-1Mo steel forms a duplex oxide scale made of an outer magnetite layer and an almost-as-thick inner Fe-Cr rich spinel oxide layer. It is proposed that the inner Fe-Cr spinel layer grows according to a mechanism involving void formation at the oxide/ metal interface. The driving force for pore formation is the outward magnetite growth: iron vacancies are injected at the oxide/metal interface then condense into voids. The fresh metallic surface made available is then oxidized by CO 2 , which diffuses fast through the scale. The physical aspects, the integrity and the nature of the scale are shown to be very dependent on the oxygen potential existing in the environment.

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Section: Mechanism Of Duplex Oxide Layer Formation On T91mentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Corrosion of 9Cr Steel in CO2 at Intermediate Temperature I: Mechanism of Void-Induced Duplex Oxide Formation

et al. 2011

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“…The oxides developed under experimental conditions were sufficient to protect the steel T91 from the direct contact with the static liquid LBE. The oxidation process of the steel in contact with oxygen which contains LBE was extensively studied in [15][16][17][18][19]. The authors described the growth mechanism of a double-layer oxide.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oxide scales are known to be able to protect the structural alloys against the liquid metal corrosion [1,7]. The stability of this surface barrier and its long-term protective properties depend on the oxygen content in the environment (coolant) and mainly on the composition and microstructure of the exposed steel [15][16][17][18]. This work focuses on the evaluation of oxides developed on the steel T91 exposed to LBE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of Oxides by Advanced Techniques

Duchoň

Halodová

Lorincink

et al. 2018

Acta Metall. Slovaca

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For the safe development of GenIV nuclear reactors, it is necessary to study the compatibility of structural materials with new coolants. Current work describes the behavior of ferriticmartensitic steel T91 in a Heavy Liquid Metal environment. Specimens were pre-stressed up to yield strength and subsequently exposed to the lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) under static conditions for 2000 hours. The goal was to identify the susceptibility to crack initiation under selected experimental conditions. The examination of metal-LBE interface was done in a reference position of the sample using the SEM equipped with EDX. Formation of oxide scales observed on the interface had no signs of crack initiation. The oxide was characterized by a twolayer structure. A TEM lamella was created from the sample by a FIB in-situ lift-out technique and it was subsequently analyzed in HRTEM. Individual oxide layers were identified and characterized by SAED, EELS and EDS techniques. Finally, STEM-HAADF and EFTEM techniques were used to visualize the matrix-oxide interface.

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“…At lower and higher temperatures, LME is less of an issue, leading to a temperature interval ("ductility trough") wherein the material is susceptible to LME (typically in 300 -450 C range, for ferritic and ferritic-martensitic alloys) [74][75][76]. These A significant number of studies on the formation of oxide layers in LBE at temperatures above 450 0 C have been performed on a variety of different steels, leading to theoretical models of oxide formation proposed [20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. Austenitic (Fe-Cr-Ni) steels cannot be used at temperatures > 550 0 C because of the high solubility (S) of nickel in lead and bismuth at these temperatures (log S Ni = 1.53 -873/T, for 673 < T < 1173 K) [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of deformation and strain induced in bulk by the oxide layers formation on a Fe-Cr-Al alloy in high-temperature liquid Pb-Bi eutectic

et al. 2018

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At elevated temperatures, heavy liquid metals and their alloys are known to create a highly corrosive environment that causes irreversible degradation of most iron-based materials. It has been found that an appropriate concentration of oxygen in the liquid alloy can significantly reduce this issue by creating a passivating oxide scale that controls diffusion, especially if Al is present in Fe-based materials (by Al-oxide formation). However, the increase of the temperature and of oxygen content in liquid phase leads to the increase of oxygen diffusion into bulk, and to promotion of the internal Al oxidation. This can cause a strain in bulk near the oxide layer, due either to mismatch between the thermal expansion coefficients of the oxides and bulk material, or to misfit of the crystal lattices (bulk vs. oxides). This work investigates the strain induced into proximal bulk of a Fe-Cr-Al alloy by oxide layers formation in liquid lead-bismuth eutectic utilizing synchrotron X-ray Laue microdiffraction. It is found that internal oxidation is the most likely cause for the strain in the metal rather than thermal expansion mismatch as a two-layer problem.Dear Sir, I re-submit our paper entitled: "A study of deformation and strain induced in bulk by the oxide layers formation on a Fe-Cr-Al alloy in high-temperature liquid Pb-Bi eutectic" on behalf of all co-authors to Acta Materialia, after addressing all the revisions stated by the reviewer. In the study, we analyze a strain in the near-interface bulk of ferritic FeCrAl alloy after its exposure to heavy liquid metals. Two possible origins of strain were considered: internal oxidation of aluminum in bulk, and thermal expansion mismatch between the oxide and the bulk. A positive correlation of dislocation density with peak width distribution indicates that strain comes from plastic deformation, while the evidence of grain refinement and sub-grain formation indicates a noticeable internal oxidation. Based on the comparison with theoretical predictions, we conclude that internal oxidation is more dominant mechanism of strain induction.Sincerely, Miroslav P. Popovic, UC Berkeley Cover LetterWe thank the reviewer for his/her time and effort.Below we address all reviewer's comments (labeled "C") in detail, marked in green (labeled "A").C 0: -Dear authors, congratulations for this interesting work.A 0: We thank the reviewer for his/her assessment of our paper. C1-1: You are studying the deformation and strain induced in the bulk of a Fe-Cr-Al alloy (Alkrothal 720) by oxide scales that form in liquid LBE. Alkrothal is a bcc alloy, a fact that you should clearly mention when you describe the material in the Experimental section (not just mention that it is a ferritic alloy), giving some basic information on the lattice parameters. A1-2: We thank the reviewer for this suggestion. We made changes in the manuscript and modified our statement (in the first paragraph of section 2. Experimental), so it reads now as following: C1-2. What you neglect to mention, however, is th...

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Oxidation mechanism of a Fe–9Cr–1Mo steel by liquid Pb–Bi eutectic alloy (Part I)

Cited by 189 publications

References 33 publications

Corrosion of 9Cr Steel in CO2 at Intermediate Temperature I: Mechanism of Void-Induced Duplex Oxide Formation

Corrosion of 9Cr Steel in CO2 at Intermediate Temperature I: Mechanism of Void-Induced Duplex Oxide Formation

Characterisation of Oxides by Advanced Techniques

A study of deformation and strain induced in bulk by the oxide layers formation on a Fe-Cr-Al alloy in high-temperature liquid Pb-Bi eutectic

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