Oxidation kinetics of Cr-coated zirconium alloy: Effect of coating thickness and microstructure

Kashkarov, Egor; Sidelev, Dmitrii V.; Сыртанов, М. С.; Tang, Chongchong; Steinbrück, M.

doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2020.108883

Cited by 109 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The temperature of the samples was measured and controlled using an Optris CTlaser 3MH1CF4 (Optris GmbH, Berlin, Germany) infrared pyrometer (spectral range-2.3 µm) during coating deposition. According to our previous results [28], thick and dense Cr coating can protect Zr-Nb alloy from oxidation at high temperatures during a long-term period. Similar results were also shown in the literature [7,9].…”

Section: Sample Preparationsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…The ZrN and ZrO 2 grains were clearly seen in the uncoated regions of the samples at higher optical resolution (Figure 7). While the fully Cr-coated sample had the multilayered structure of Cr 2 O 3 oxide layer/residual Cr layer/Cr-Zr interdiffusion layer/E110 alloy which is typically observed in oxidized Cr-coated Zr-based alloys during protective scale (Figure 7c) [9,28]. The cross-section microstructure of the partial Cr-coated sample is presented in Figure 7b.…”

Section: Cross-section Microstructure Of the Samplesmentioning

confidence: 94%

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High-Temperature Oxidation of Cr-Coated Resistance Upset Welds Made from E110 Alloy

2021

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The resistance upset welds (RUW) made from E110 alloy without and with Cr coatings were oxidized in air atmosphere at 1100 °C for 2, 10 and 30 min. The cross-section microstructure, elemental composition and hardness were studied before and after oxidation using optical and scanning electron microscopy, and indentations in welding region. The RUW welding does not noticeably change oxidation kinetics of E110 alloy. The most crucial effect has surface non-regularities formed after welding, which prevent uniform coating deposition on full surface of welded cladding tube and end plug. Cr coating deposition can strongly reduce oxidation of welded E110 alloy, while additional post-processing treatment should be applied to improve surface morphology after RUW welding. Several suggestions favorable to development of ATF Zr-based claddings using Cr coating deposition on welded nuclear rods were discussed.

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Section: Sample Preparationsupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Cross-section Microstructure Of the Samplesmentioning

confidence: 94%

High-Temperature Oxidation of Cr-Coated Resistance Upset Welds Made from E110 Alloy

2021

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“…For the Cr sample (Figure 6a-c), the significant changes of elemental distributions are observed as oxidation time increases. Such behavior corresponds to transition from protective to non-protective scale of the coating [1,7], when the oxidation kinetics accelerates and the ZrO2 layer can be formed beneath the residual Cr layer. It is clearly seen by the change of the oxygen penetration depth from ~5 to 40 μm with increasing oxidation time from 20 to 40 min, respectively.…”

Section: Elemental Distributions Over a Depthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of scientific groups and organizations suggest metallic chromium as the most suitable material for the development of accident tolerant fuel (ATF) claddings [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Growth of a chromia (Cr2O3) layer on surface of Cr-coated Zr alloy decelerates oxygen diffusion to the alloy and significantly increases its oxidation resistance (e.g., by an order of magnitude at 1200 °C for 10 min [7]). However, Cr-Zr inter-diffusion significantly increases at high temperatures especially for a β-Zr phase [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection of Zr Alloy under High-Temperature Air Oxidation: A Multilayer Coating Approach

et al. 2021

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Metallic Cr and multilayer CrN/Cr coatings with a thickness of 2.5 µm were deposited onto E110 alloy by magnetron sputtering. Oxidation tests in air were performed at 1100 °C for 10–40 min. The gravimetric measurements showed better protective properties of multilayer CrN/Cr coatings in comparison with metallic Cr coating. Multilayer coating prevented fast Cr–Zr inter-diffusion by the formation of a ZrN layer beneath the coating. The appearance of ZrN is caused by interaction with nitrogen formed from the decomposition of CrN to Cr2N phases. Optical microscopy revealed a residual Cr layer for the multilayer CrN (0.25 µm)/Cr (0.25 µm) coating for all the oxidation periods. Additional in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies of coated alloy during linear heating up to 1400 °C showed that the formation of the Cr2Zr phase in the case of multilayer coatings occurred at a higher (~150 °C) temperature compared to metallic Cr. Multilayer coatings can decrease the nitrogen effect for Zr alloy oxidation. Uniform and thinner oxide layers of Zr alloy were observed when the multilayer coatings were applied. The highest oxidation resistance belonged to the CrN/Cr coating with a multilayer step of 0.25 µm.

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“…A metallic Cr coating was considered in this study because of its excellent oxidation resistance and outstanding mechanical properties at elevated temperatures [7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interdiffusion behavior between Cr and Zr and its effect on the microcracking behavior in the Cr-coated Zr-4 alloy

Jiang¹,

Wang²,

Du³

et al. 2021

NUCL SCI TECH

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High-temperature chromium (Cr)-zirconium (Zr) interdiffusion commonly occurs in Cr-coated zircaloys applied for enhanced accident-tolerant fuel (ATF) claddings. Such interdiffusion changes the interfacial microstructure and thus the fracture mechanism of the coating under external loading. In this study, the interdiffusion behavior in a magnetron sputtered Cr coating deposited on a Zr-4 alloy was studied in a vacuum environment at 1160 °C. In addition, the effect of interdiffusion on the microcracking behavior of the Cr coating was determined by in situ three-point bending tests. The experimental results show that the interdiffusion behavior resulted in the formation of a ZrCr 2 layer, accompanied by the consumption of Cr coating and interfacial roughening. The growth of the diffusion layer followed a nearly parabolic law with respect to annealing time, and the residual stress of the annealed coating decreased with increasing annealing time. Under external loading, a large number of cracks were generated in the brittle interlayer, and some interfacial cracks were formed and grew at the ZrCr 2 /Zr-4 interface. Despite the remarkable microcracks in the ZrCr 2 layer, the vacuum-annealed Cr coating has significantly fewer cracks than the original coating, mainly because of the recrystallization of the coating during annealing.

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Oxidation kinetics of Cr-coated zirconium alloy: Effect of coating thickness and microstructure

Cited by 109 publications

References 36 publications

High-Temperature Oxidation of Cr-Coated Resistance Upset Welds Made from E110 Alloy

High-Temperature Oxidation of Cr-Coated Resistance Upset Welds Made from E110 Alloy

Protection of Zr Alloy under High-Temperature Air Oxidation: A Multilayer Coating Approach

Interdiffusion behavior between Cr and Zr and its effect on the microcracking behavior in the Cr-coated Zr-4 alloy

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