Oxidation kinetics of biochar from woody and herbaceous biomass

Peterson, Chad A.; Brown, Robert C.

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2020.126043

Cited by 38 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The increase of ash contents as temperature increased might be due to the accumulation of minerals and destructive volatilization of lignocellulosic matters when temperature increased (Tsai et al, 2012; Zhang et al, 2015). Previous studies also reported that biochar ash contents varied with feedstock (Peterson & Brown, 2020; Zhang et al, 2020). High levels of inorganic compounds in SB might account for the higher ash contents (Peterson & Brown, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

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Pyrolysis temperature and feedstock alter the functional groups and carbon sequestration potential of Phragmites australis‐ and Spartina alterniflora‐derived biochars

Wang

Bai

et al. 2021

GCB Bioenergy

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Biochar produced by pyrolysis of biomass under oxygen‐limited conditions has recently attracted increasing attention. To investigate the effects of feedstock and pyrolysis temperature on biochar characteristics, Phragmites australis straw and Spartina alterniflora straw were used to produce biochars at different temperatures from 300 to 500°C with an increment of 50°C. The biochars were characterized by their yields, ash contents, elemental compositions (i.e., carbon [C], hydrogen [H], oxygen [O], and nitrogen [N]), functional groups, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) contents, carbon sequestration potential, higher heating values (HHVs), and production costs. The results illustrated that pyrolysis temperature negatively affected biochar yields, H and O contents. In contrast, biochar produced at high temperature showed high ash contents, C contents, HHVs, and stronger aromaticity with low H/C and O/C ratios. In addition, S. alterniflora‐derived biochar (SB) contained higher ash content but lower C/H/N/O contents and HHVs than P. australis‐derived biochar (PB; p < 0.05). In addition, DOC contents in both SB and PB declined as temperature increased, and SB exhibited higher DOC contents than PB. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that absorption intensities of –OH, C=O, –CH, and –C–O–C‐stretching vibration declined with increasing temperature. The stability of the biochars was enhanced at high temperatures, and the biochar derived from S. alterniflora at 500°C might have a better carbon sequestration potential according to thermogravimetric analysis. Additionally, cost analysis showed that the production cost of biochar with large‐scale reactor was lower than that with bench‐scale reactor, and SB had a higher cost than PB due to the price of feedstock and drying process for the former. Our results could offer effective information on resource utilization of P. australis and S. alterniflora straw and are valuable for optimizing pyrolysis temperature to tune P. australis and S. alterniflora biochar properties for specific environmental usage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Previous studies also reported that biochar ash contents varied with feedstock (Peterson & Brown, 2020; Zhang et al, 2020). High levels of inorganic compounds in SB might account for the higher ash contents (Peterson & Brown, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Pyrolysis temperature and feedstock alter the functional groups and carbon sequestration potential of Phragmites australis‐ and Spartina alterniflora‐derived biochars

Wang

Bai

et al. 2021

GCB Bioenergy

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“…A review, published more than 10 years ago, puts into evidence that pyrolysis conditions and substrate properties are the key issues for the oxidation and gasification rates of biomass chars. As for the oxidation process, studies carried out afterward have contributed in clarifying these aspects, confirming the important role played by the pyrolysis temperature, heating rate and pressure, the macrocomponent content and nature, the microstructure, and mainly the content and composition of inorganics. − Despite significant advancements, − the improved understanding of these effects has not yet been fully incorporated into intrinsic kinetics of general validity, that is, capable of describing, through the kinetic parameters, the variability of char reactivity. Kinetics is needed for coupling with the description of transport phenomena aimed at the development of predictive models of practical systems for gasification and combustion …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burning Dynamics of Straw Chars under the Conditions of Thermal Analysis

Branca¹,

Blasi

2021

Energy Fuels

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Burning is investigated, by means of thermogravimetry, of 17 straw chars produced from packed-bed pyrolysis at moderate temperatures, using wood chars for comparison. The exothermic process always consists of an oxidative devolatilization stage followed by actual burning, generally leading to almost complete conversion for temperatures around 750 K. The majority of straw chars exhibits two-stage burning taking place, first in a catalytically (alkali) activated kinetic regime, with peak rates at temperatures around 650−690 K, and then in a thermally activated kinetic regime, with peak rates at temperatures around 700−730 K. In the other cases, burning is a one-stage process occurring either in a catalytically activated regime, with temperatures of the peak rates around 675−685 K, or in a thermally activated regime which also includes wood chars (temperatures of the peak rates again around 700−730 K). Moreover, burning of the residual char is completed at temperatures above 750 K (in a very few cases with further local peak rates around 825−875 K) in a diffusive regime.

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“…Acid-modified biochar was prepared by impregnating the pristine biochar in Milli-Q water (1:10 w/v) with 1 M HCl until reaching a pH of 7. HCl was chosen rather than HNO 3 or H 2 SO 4 because it better preserves biochar structure (Peterson and Brown, 2020). After 48 h, the mixture was oven-dried directly at 60 • C to a constant weight.…”

Section: Soil and Biochar Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial community structure and putative nitrogen-cycling functional traits along a charosphere gradient under waterlogged conditions

Huang

et al. 2021

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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Unique spatial niches created by biochar form a dynamic biogeochemical soil zone, termed the "charosphere". Charosphere soil has different properties from either soil or biochar, often acting as a hotspot for microbial activity. However, the direction and magnitude of charosphere effects on soil processes and microbial communities remain inconclusive. Herein, we designed a multi-sectional box to separate charosphere soils from biochar under waterlogged conditions, investigating millimeter-scale changes in bacterial communities and distributions of specific genera across the charosphere created by pristine biochar (produced from corn stover at 300 • C), acid-modified biochar and washed biochar. The pristine biochar did not increase bacterial α-diversity but altered bacterial composition by promoting the growth of specific bacterial taxa and suppressing other species. In comparison, washed and acid-modified biochar increased the bacterial α-diversity. The pristine biochar significantly decreased N 2 O emission and NO 3 − concentration owing to a lower soil nitrification potential. Abundances of N-cycling functional taxa were higher in the near-charosphere than outer-charosphere zone, especially for Bacillus (N 2 -fixation), MND1 (ammonia oxidation) and Rhodopseudomonas (denitrification). The spatial distribution of functional genes and genera documents the importance of heterogeneity within the charosphere gradient, providing a novel perspective into functional geometry to understand how biochar reduces N losses from agroecosystems.

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Oxidation kinetics of biochar from woody and herbaceous biomass

Cited by 38 publications

References 35 publications

Pyrolysis temperature and feedstock alter the functional groups and carbon sequestration potential of Phragmites australis‐ and Spartina alterniflora‐derived biochars

Pyrolysis temperature and feedstock alter the functional groups and carbon sequestration potential of Phragmites australis‐ and Spartina alterniflora‐derived biochars

Burning Dynamics of Straw Chars under the Conditions of Thermal Analysis

Bacterial community structure and putative nitrogen-cycling functional traits along a charosphere gradient under waterlogged conditions

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