Oxidation-induced crack healing in Ti3AlC2 ceramics

Song, Guanyu; Pei, Yu; Sloof, Willem G.; Li, S.B.; Hosson, J.Th.M. De; Zwaag, Sybrand van der

doi:10.1016/j.scriptamat.2007.09.006

Cited by 216 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Thus environmental effects such as oxidation, hydrolysis or reaction with CO 2 , SO 3 , etc. may have a profound influence on the extent of crack healing and strength recovery by formation of new phases filling the crack and pore space [68]. Microcracks in crystalline SiO 2 (quartz) with a length of 100 µm and a width of 10 µm were completely healed by exposure to a water pressure of 200 MPa at 600 ℃ for 4 h [50].…”

Section: Oxidation Reaction Crack Healingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generic principles of crack-healing ceramics

Greil

2012

J Adv Ceram

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Abstract:Ceramic materials able to heal manufacture or damage induced microstructure defects might trigger a change in paradigm for design and application of load bearing ceramics. This work reviews thermodynamic and kinetic aspects governing the regeneration of solid contact able to transfer stress between disrupted crack surfaces in ceramics. Major crack healing processes include perturbation of crack-like pores followed by sintering of isolated pores, as well as reaction with an environmental atmosphere and filling of the crack space with an oxidation product. Since thermally activated solid state reactions require elevated temperatures which may exceed 1000 ℃, processes able to trigger crack healing at lower temperatures are of particular interest for transferring into engineering applications. Generic principles of microstructure modifications able to facilitate crack repair at lower temperatures will be considered: (i) acceleration of material transport by grain boundary decoration and grain size reduction, and (ii) reduction of thermal activation barrier by repair filler activation. Examples demonstrating crack healing capability include oxidation reaction of low energy bonded intercalation metal from nano-laminate MAX phases and catalyzed surface nitridation of polymer derived ceramics containing repair fillers.

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Section: Oxidation Reaction Crack Healingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generic principles of crack-healing ceramics

Greil

2012

J Adv Ceram

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“…[7][8][9] Crack self-healing characteristics have also been reported during the oxidation of Ti 2 AlC and Ti 3 AlC 2 . [10][11][12] More recently, we showed that by selectively etching the Al from Al-containing MAX phases, it is possible to synthesize a new family of two-dimensional (2D) materials, which we labeled MXenes. The latter have been so-called to emphasize the selective etching of the A-element from the parent MAX phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and theoretical characterization of ordered MAX phases Mo2TiAlC2 and Mo2Ti2AlC3

Anasori

Dahlqvist

Halim

et al. 2015

Journal of Applied Physics

249

180

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Herein, we report on the phase stabilities and crystal structures of two newly discovered ordered, quaternary MAX phases-Mo 2 TiAlC 2 and Mo 2 Ti 2 AlC 3 -synthesized by mixing and heating different elemental powder mixtures of mMo:(3-m)Ti:1.1Al:2C with 1.5 m 2.2 and 2Mo: 2Ti:1.1Al:2.7C to 1600 C for 4 h under Ar flow. In general, for m ! 2 an ordered 312 phase, (Mo 2 Ti)AlC 2 , was the majority phase; for m < 2, an ordered 413 phase (Mo 2 Ti 2 )AlC 3 , was the major product. The actual chemistries determined from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are Mo 2 TiAlC 1.7 and Mo 2 Ti 1.9 Al 0.9 C 2.5 , respectively. High resolution scanning transmission microscopy, XPS and Rietveld analysis of powder X-ray diffraction confirmed the general ordered stacking sequence to be Mo-Ti-Mo-Al-Mo-Ti-Mo for Mo 2 TiAlC 2 and Mo-Ti-Ti-Mo-Al-Mo-Ti-TiMo for Mo 2 Ti 2 AlC 3 , with the carbon atoms occupying the octahedral sites between the transition metal layers. Consistent with the experimental results, the theoretical calculations clearly show that M layer ordering is mostly driven by the high penalty paid in energy by having the Mo atoms surrounded by C in a face-centered configuration, i.e., in the center of the M nþ1 X n blocks. At 331 GPa and 367 GPa, respectively, the Young's moduli of the ordered Mo 2 TiAlC 2 and Mo 2 Ti 2 AlC 3 are predicted to be higher than those calculated for their ternary end members. Like most other MAX phases, because of the high density of states at the Fermi level, the resistivity measurement over 300 to 10 K for both phases showed metallic behavior. V C 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.

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“…[5,6] They also exhibit self-healing characteristics, wherein cracks that form are filled with alumina. [7,8] Since each MAX phase has its own characteristic properties, combining different transition metals on the M-sites * Corresponding author. Email: barsoumw@drexel.edu to form solid solutions is a further approach to tailoring properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Solid Solution MAX Phases: (Ti_0.5, V_0.5)₃AlC₂, (Nb_0.5, V_0.5)₂AlC, (Nb_0.5, V_0.5)₄AlC₃and (Nb_0.8, Zr_0.2)₂AlC

Naguib

Bentzel

Shah

et al. 2014

Materials Research Letters

115

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AlC. Rietveld analysis of powder X-ray diffraction patterns was used to calculate the lattice parameters and phase fractions. Heating Ti, V, Al and C elemental powders-in the molar ratio of 1.5:1.5:1.3:2-to 1, 450 • C for 2 h in flowing argon, resulted in a predominantly phase pure sample of (Ti 0.5 , V 0.5 ) 3 AlC 2 . The other compositions were not as phase pure and further work on optimizing the processing parameters needs to be carried out if phase purity is desired.

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Oxidation-induced crack healing in Ti3AlC2 ceramics

Cited by 216 publications

References 20 publications

Generic principles of crack-healing ceramics

Generic principles of crack-healing ceramics

Experimental and theoretical characterization of ordered MAX phases Mo2TiAlC2 and Mo2Ti2AlC3

New Solid Solution MAX Phases: (Ti_0.5, V_0.5)₃AlC₂, (Nb_0.5, V_0.5)₂AlC, (Nb_0.5, V_0.5)₄AlC₃and (Nb_0.8, Zr_0.2)₂AlC

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Oxidation-induced crack healing in Ti3AlC2 ceramics

Cited by 216 publications

References 20 publications

Generic principles of crack-healing ceramics

Generic principles of crack-healing ceramics

Experimental and theoretical characterization of ordered MAX phases Mo2TiAlC2 and Mo2Ti2AlC3

New Solid Solution MAX Phases: (Ti0.5, V0.5)3AlC2, (Nb0.5, V0.5)2AlC, (Nb0.5, V0.5)4AlC3and (Nb0.8, Zr0.2)2AlC

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New Solid Solution MAX Phases: (Ti_0.5, V_0.5)₃AlC₂, (Nb_0.5, V_0.5)₂AlC, (Nb_0.5, V_0.5)₄AlC₃and (Nb_0.8, Zr_0.2)₂AlC