Oxidation Behavior of Carbon in a Coin-Type Direct Carbon Fuel Cell

Lee, C.-G.; Hur, Ho; Song, Moon-Bum

doi:10.1149/1.3544941

Cited by 37 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…As the work plan developed, additional experimental set-ups were required, including an elegant experiment developed by Dr. Choong-Gon Lee to demonstrate the role of CO in the anode reaction [11]. Rather than directly dropping carbon into the anode chamber of the DCFC cylinder cell, as typically done, the carbon was contained within a separate alumina fuel cartridge (see Fig.…”

Section: Reverse Boudouard Reaction Cartridge Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct carbon fuel cell: A proposed hybrid design to improve commercialization potential

Ruflin¹,

Perwich²,

Brett³

et al. 2012

Journal of Power Sources

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a b s t r a c tThis paper summarizes Contained Energy, LLC's (CEL's) 2 year work effort to produce a DCFC single cell with a minimum performance of 120 W.LÀ1 at 50% efficiency. It explains the challenge of high temperature that is required to get the power densities necessary to produce feasible-sized operational units and also explains problems encountered with partial oxidation of the carbon at those temperatures which causes low efficiencies. Finally, in an attempt to balance these two opposing parameters, CEL introduces a novel ceramic DCFC concept, reviews lessons learned and makes recommendations for future DCFC work.

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Section: Reverse Boudouard Reaction Cartridge Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct carbon fuel cell: A proposed hybrid design to improve commercialization potential

Ruflin¹,

Perwich²,

Brett³

et al. 2012

Journal of Power Sources

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“…al. 32 reported that the voltage of a MCFC decreased with time to zero in 25 h at a constant current density using bamboo-derived activated carbon as fuel. On the contrary, carbon fuel was still available since the corresponding carbon amount for current generation was much less than that initially loaded.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Direct Carbon Fuel Cells Operated on Coal and Effect of Operation Mode

Chien

Arenillas

Jiang

et al. 2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Previous experimental results have shown that a system with molten carbonate and solid oxide electrolyte is feasible for Direct Carbon Fuel Cell (DCFC). A study is presented to investigate cell performance with a range of solid carbon (i.e. coals, biochars, graphite) and operation mode in this hybrid electrolyte system. The results show that less crystalline coal with high fixed carbon, low sulfur, medium volatile material and moisture is best suited to this system. Using high rank of fuel such as anthracite coal, good cell performance can be obtained only by elevating temperature and with adequate pretreatment to remove impurities. Discussion of cell operation indicates that cell degradation and operation failure were due to coal agglomeration, ash buildup, and limited fuel supply in potentiostatic mode. Instead, galvanostatic operation gave stable cell performance over 60 hours. This result allows better understanding of anode reaction mechanism on the hybrid electrolyte system. Thus, long-term operation is promised when suitable solid fuel and optimized operation parameters are applied. Direct Carbon Fuel Cell (DCFC) is a promising technology to use solid carbon for energy production. This technology allows direct conversion of chemical energy to electricity, thus giving a high thermodynamic efficiency, i.e. 100%, when carbon is oxidized to carbon dioxide. The concept of DCFC is simple. Solid carbon is fed to a fuel cell and electrochemically oxidized at the anode to produce electricity.1-3 Pure product, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), is obtained in complete oxidation and is easy for carbon sequestration. Furthermore, application of DCFC benefits from sufficient fuel supply with abundant coal and biomass in the world. These advantages as well as established infrastructure of transportation, storage, and processing for solid carbon make a DCFC feasible and very attractive.One of design challenges to develop a DCFC is choice of fuel. 4Despite large reserves of solid carbon available, different sources of carbon have varying activity and indeed affect DCFC performance. In the past, many attempts have been made to evaluate effect of solid carbon on DCFC for electric power generation. Cooper et al. 5 reported cell polarization on nine particulate carbon derived from fuel oil, coal, biochar, petroleum coke, etc. The highest discharge rate, 100-125 mA cm −2 at 0.8 V and 800• C, was obtained with biochar-derived carbon. They found that properties of carbon fuel which control discharging rates are (i) crystallographic disorder, (ii) electrical conductivity, (iii) active surface sites, and (iv) sulfur and ash impurities. Less graphitized and high disordered carbon such as chars is more reactive to oxidation; however, this property counterbalances electrical conductivity since chars are poor conductors. By contrast, neither particle size, surface area, nor morphology was found to have much impact on the electrochemical discharge rate. Moreover, Zhu et al 6 investigated factors that determine performance of carbon fuel in the D...

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“…The anode was a porous Ni-Al metal sheet, and the cathode was a porous in situ oxidised NiO. The matrix was made of LiAlO 2 , and the electrolyte was a eutectic mixture of 62 mol% Li 2 CO 3 and 38 mol% K 2 CO 3 [14]. The electrodes and matrices were supplied by the Korean Institute of Science and Technology (KIST).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SSP measures the correlation between current and voltage from 0 to 150 mA/cm 2 of current density. The SC involved increasing the current from 0 to 150 mA/cm 2 by 50 mA/cm 2 step for 60 s and measuring the voltage relaxations [14], while the EIS measures the impedance by changing the AC signalling of 5 mV RMS from the high frequency (10 kHz) to low frequency (0.01 Hz) at an open-circuit state. All electrochemical ways were carried out after 12 h of cell operation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Analysis with Various Amounts of Electrolyte in a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell

Kim¹,

Kim²,

Lee³

et al. 2016

Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology

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The effect of initial electrolyte loading (IEL) on cell performance in a coin-type molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) was investigated in this work. Since the material of MCFC depends on the manufacturer, optimisation requires experimental investigation. In total, four IEL values, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 g, were used, corresponding to a pore filling ratio (PFR) of 38, 51, 77, and 102%, respectively. The cell performance with respect to the PFR was analysed via steady-state polarisation, step-chronopotentiomtery, and impedance methods. The electrochemical analyses revealed that internal resistance and overpotential of the cell decreased with increasing PFR, and a large overpotential was observed when the PFR was 102%, probably due to the flooding phenomenon. After operation, cross-section of the cell was analysed via surface analysis of SEM and EDS methods, and the remaining electrolyte was estimated by dissolution of the cell in 10 wt% acetic acid. A linear relationship between IEL and the weight reduction ratio by dissolution was obtained. Thus, the remaining amount of electrolyte could be measured after operation. The results of SEM and EDS showed that a PFR of 38 and 102% showed a lack and flooding of electrolytes at the cell, respectively, which led to a large overpotential. This work reports that MCFC performance is allowed only in the narrow range of PFR.

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Oxidation Behavior of Carbon in a Coin-Type Direct Carbon Fuel Cell

Cited by 37 publications

References 22 publications

Direct carbon fuel cell: A proposed hybrid design to improve commercialization potential

Direct carbon fuel cell: A proposed hybrid design to improve commercialization potential

Performance of Direct Carbon Fuel Cells Operated on Coal and Effect of Operation Mode

Performance Analysis with Various Amounts of Electrolyte in a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell

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