Oxidation Behavior of Carbon Fibers in Ceramizable Phenolic Resin Matrix Composites at Elevated Temperatures

Yang, Tingli; Dong, C.; Rong, Yiyang; Deng, Zongyi; Li, Pengfei; Han, Pengkun; Shi, M.; Zhang, Huang

doi:10.3390/polym14142785

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…Compression molding involves the uniform mixing of BPF with reinforced fibers, special fillers, or rubber to prepare premix [102,[106][107][108][109][110][111]. Alternatively, fiber cloth can be immersed in BPF solution to prepare prepreg [8,33,87,99,100,103,105,112,113]. The prepreg is then dried, placed in a mold, and sealed under heat and pressure to crosslink and solidify the resin.…”

Section: Compression Moldingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress in Boron-Modified Phenolic Resin and Its Composites

Zhang,

Wang

et al. 2023

Polymers

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As one of the most successful modified phenolic resins, boron-modified phenolic resin (BPF) has excellent heat resistance and ablative resistance, good mechanical and wear resistance, and flame retardancy. BPF and its composites can be widely used in areas such as aerospace, weapons and equipment, automobile brakes, and fire retardants. In this review, the current state of development of BPF and its composites is presented and discussed. After introducing various methods to synthesize BPF, functionalization of BPF is briefly summarized. Particular emphasis is placed on general methods used to fabricate BPF-based composites and the heat resistance, ablative resistance, mechanical property, wear resistance, flame retardancy, and water resistance of BPF-based composites. Finally, the challenges of this research area are summarized and its future outlook is prospected.

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Section: Compression Moldingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress in Boron-Modified Phenolic Resin and Its Composites

Zhang,

Wang

et al. 2023

Polymers

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“…The peak at around 1600 cm −1 was called the G band, corresponding to an ideal graphite lattice, whereas the peak at around 1350 cm −1 was called the D band, corresponding to a graphite lattice with defects. Therefore, the intensity ratio of the G band to the D band (I G /I D ) can be used to estimate defects in carbon materials [8,20]. A larger I G /I D value indicates fewer defects and a higher degree of graphitization.…”

Section: Oxyacetylene Ablation Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, CF/Ph is also prone to oxidation failure. The oxidation resistance and ablation resistance of CF/Ph could be significantly improved via matrix modification and fiber-coating strategies [5,8,20]. For example, Chang et al reported an Al 2 O 3f -CF/Ph modified with HfB 2 and SiB 6 that achieves a linear ablation rate (LAR) of 0.06 mm/s [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yue et al fabricated a mesophase pitchmodified CF/Ph, and its LAR was as low as 0.0082 mm/s [22]. In our previous work, MoSi 2 and B 4 C were incorporated into CF/Ph to develop a new ceramizable composite exhibiting satisfactory ablation resistance with an LAR of 0.013 mm/s [20]. Furthermore, a Ti 3 SiC 2 -modified Al-coated carbon fiber/boron phenolic resin ceramizable composite was prepared by combining matrix modification and fiber-coating strategies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Novel Fused SiO2 and h-BN Modified Quartz Fiber/Benzoxazine Resin Ceramizable Composite with Excellent Flexural Strength and Ablation Resistance

Deng,

Lv,

Shi

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Hypersonic vehicles encounter hostile service environments of thermal/mechanical/chemical coupling, so thermal protection materials are crucial and essential. Ceramizable composites have recently attracted intensive interest due to their ability to provide large-area thermal protection for hypersonic vehicles. In this work, a novel ceramizable composite of quartz fiber/benzoxazine resin modified with fused SiO2 and h-BN was fabricated using a prepreg compression molding technique. The effects of the fused SiO2 and h-BN contents on the thermal, mechanical, and ablative properties of the ceramizable composite were systematically investigated. The ceramizable composite with an optimized amount of fused SiO2 and h-BN exhibited superb thermal stability, with a peak degradation temperature and residue yield at 1400 °C of 533.2 °C and 71.5%, respectively. Moreover, the modified ceramizable composite exhibited excellent load-bearing capacity with a flexural strength of 402.2 MPa and superior ablation resistance with a linear ablation rate of 0.0147 mm/s at a heat flux of 4.2 MW/m2, which was significantly better than the pristine quartz fiber/benzoxazine resin composite. In addition, possible ablation mechanisms were revealed based on the microstructure analysis, phase transformation, chemical bonding states, and the degree of graphitization of the ceramized products. The readily oxidized pyrolytic carbon (PyC) and the SiO2 with a relatively low melting point were converted in situ into refractory carbide. Thus, a robust thermal protective barrier with SiC as the skeleton and borosilicate glass as the matrix protected the composite from severe thermochemical erosion and thermomechanical denudation.

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“…The structural performance of polymers and fiber-reinforced polymer composites can be enhanced through the addition of filler materials such as carbon nanotube (CNT), graphene, graphene oxide (GO), nanoclay, non-metallic oxides and carbides, and metallic oxides, carbides, borides, silicates, and silicides. The modification of matrices of CFRP composites with nano- and microfillers has been reported to lead to considerable improvement in their ablation resistance [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ], interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ], interlaminar fracture toughness (ILFT) [ 22 , 28 , 29 , 30 ], wear and tribological properties [ 31 , 32 , 33 ], as well as flexural properties (strength and elastic modulus) [ 34 , 35 ]. Xu et al [ 13 ] studied the ablation resistance and mechanism of CF-fabric-reinforced phenolic resin composite modified with particles of tantalum disilicide (TaSi 2 ) and reported significant improvement in the anti-ablation property of TaSi 2 -modified composite in comparison with the unmodified composite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Impact Properties of Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Phenolic Composites Containing Microfillers

et al. 2023

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The addition of nano- and microfillers to carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRPs) to improve their static mechanical properties is attracting growing research interest because their introduction does not increase the weight of parts made from CFRPs. However, the current understanding of the high strain rate deformation behaviour of CFRPs containing nanofillers/microfillers is limited. The present study investigated the dynamic impact properties of carbon-fiber-reinforced phenolic composites (CFRPCs) modified with microfillers. The CFRPCs were fabricated using 2D woven carbon fibers, two phenolic resole resins (HRJ-15881 and SP-6877), and two microfillers (colloidal silica and silicon carbide (SiC)). The amount of microfillers incorporated into the CFRPCs varied from 0.0 wt.% to 2.0 wt.%. A split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB), operated at momentums of 15 kg m/s and 28 kg m/s, was used to determine the impact properties of the composites. The evolution of damage in the impacted specimens was studied using optical stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope. It was found that, at an impact momentum of 15 kg m/s, the impact properties of HRJ-15881-based CFRPCs increased with SiC addition up to 1.5 wt.%, while those of SP-6877-based composites increased only up to 0.5 wt.%. At 28 kg m/s, the impact properties of the composites increased up to 0.5 wt.% SiC addition for both SP-6877 and HRJ-15881 based composites. However, the addition of colloidal silica did not improve the dynamic impact properties of composites based on both phenolic resins at both impact momentums. The improvement in the impact properties of composites made with SiC microfiller can be attributed to improvement in crystallinity offered by the α-SiC type microfiller used in this study. No fracture was observed in specimens impacted at an impact momentum of 15 kg m/s. However, at 28 kg m/s, edge chip-off and cracks extending through the surface were observed at lower microfiller addition (≤1 wt.%), which became more pronounced at higher microfiller loading (≥1.5 wt.%).

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Oxidation Behavior of Carbon Fibers in Ceramizable Phenolic Resin Matrix Composites at Elevated Temperatures

Cited by 15 publications

References 48 publications

Research Progress in Boron-Modified Phenolic Resin and Its Composites

Research Progress in Boron-Modified Phenolic Resin and Its Composites

A Novel Fused SiO2 and h-BN Modified Quartz Fiber/Benzoxazine Resin Ceramizable Composite with Excellent Flexural Strength and Ablation Resistance

Dynamic Impact Properties of Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Phenolic Composites Containing Microfillers

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