Oxidation and Electrical Behavior of Mn-Co-Coated Crofer 22 APU Steel Produced by a Pack Cementation Method for SOFC Interconnect Applications

Ebrahimifar, Hadi; Zandrahimi, Morteza

doi:10.1007/s11085-015-9547-2

Cited by 26 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The post-test analysis of the stacks (of this paper) after operation has shown Cr-Mn oxide scale formation with thicknesses -depending on the overall operating time -up to several µm. These results are in good agreement with the results of other research groups (30,31,32). The tested stacks in the present paper contained Cr evaporation protection layers on the cathode side of the bipolar sheets.…”

Section: Stack Repeat Unit With High Power Performance (Ru#1)supporting

confidence: 92%

Understanding the Current-Voltage Behavior of High Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stacks

Lang

Bohn

Henke

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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High temperature solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stacks are highly efficient and environmentally friendly electrochemical systems, which convert the chemical energy of fuel gases with oxygen from air directly into electrical energy. During operation of SOFC stacks under system operating conditions pronounced temperature and fuel gas composition gradients along the cell area and along the height of the stack occur. Therefore, in contrast to SOFC cells, the electrochemical behavior of SOFC stacks is much more complex and has not sufficiently been studied. Specially, a shortcoming exists in terms of understanding the homogeneity, performance loss mechanisms, and various resistances and overvoltages within the stack repeat components. Therefore, this paper focuses on the improvement of the understanding and of the interpretation of different current-voltage curves of solid oxide fuel cell stack repeat units. Three different cases are discussed: repeat units with high power performance, with high cell contact resistance and with high fuel utilization. The stacks were investigated by current-voltage curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and gas analysis. In order to understand the electrochemical behavior of these three cases both experimental and modeling results are presented, compared and discussed.

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Section: Stack Repeat Unit With High Power Performance (Ru#1)supporting

confidence: 92%

Understanding the Current-Voltage Behavior of High Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stacks

Lang

Bohn

Henke

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…The ASR of AISI 441 is about 30 mΩ cm 2 [91,92], similar to that of ZMG 232 [91]. The model alloys in a family of FeCrMn(La/Ti) leading to the development of Crofer 22 APU have ASRs in the range of 10-15 mΩ cm 2 [91] lower than the ASR of Crofer 22 APU which is in the range of 35-50 mΩ cm 2 as reported by Hosseini et al [93] and Ebrahimifar and Zandrahimi [94]. At shorter oxidation period i.e.…”

Section: Area Specific Resistancesupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Fig. 6.3 shows ASRs of the bare ferritic stainless steels after oxidation at 800 ºC in air [88][89][90][91][92][93][94]. The first and second bars from the left present, respectively, the results after 100 and 200 h of exposure.…”

Section: Area Specific Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

CHAPTER 6 Development of SOFC Interconnect Stainless Steels

Chevalier

Combemale

Popa

et al. 2020

SSP

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The chapter introduces components and working principle of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). It is followed by the explanation on the choices of materials focussing on ferritic stainless steels. The review is further made on the required properties of these steels, i.e. low oxidation rate, low chromium species volatilisation rate, high electrical conductivity and good scale adhesion. For the oxidation aspect, the behaviour of stainless steel interconnect in cathode, anode (hydrogen and biogas), and dual atmospheres are described. Surface modification by pre-oxidation and coatings to improve the oxide electrical conductivity and to reduce chromium species volatilisation is finally reviewed.

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“…Meanwhile, Fe in the substrate and Co ions diffuse through the Cr 2 O 3 layer and react to form CoFe 2 O 4 . In addition, according to the Cr 2 O 3 –Fe 2 O 3 phase diagram, it can be observed that Cr 2 O 3 and Fe 2 O 3 are soluble . They possess the identical crystal structures and similar lattice constants: the a values of Cr 2 O 3 and Fe 2 O 3 are 0.4959 and 0.5036 nm, respectively, whereas the c values of them are 1.3594 and 1.3749 nm, respectively .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The diffraction peaks of the AS22-Ar sample correspond to the substrate, Co, Cr 2 O 3 , CoFe 2 O 4 , and Co 3 Fe 7 phases (Figure 6a). The entrapped O 2 in the pack mixture leads to the 26 They possess the identical crystal structures and similar lattice constants: the a values of Cr 2 O 3 and Fe 2 O 3 are 0.4959 and 0.5036 nm, respectively, whereas the c values of them are 1.3594 and 1.3749 nm, respectively. 26 The result indicates that Cr 2 O 3 and Fe 2 O 3 can mutually overlay.…”

Section: Phases and Morphologies Of Coating In Armentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Different Atmospheres on Oxidation and Electrical Performance of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Interconnect with Co-Containing Protective Coating

Liu

Shi

et al. 2020

Energy Fuels

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Chromium (Cr) evaporation of ferritic stainless steel (FSS) interconnects is considered to be the main reason for severe deterioration of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). To suppress the influence of Cr evaporation, the development of a protective coating material on the FSS interconnects has been proved to be an effective way. Herein, we prepare a Co-containing protective coating via a facile pack cementation technique in different atmospheres on an AISI 430 FSS interconnect. The obtained coating is valid for enhancing the oxidation resistance and electrical performance of the FSS interconnect. After the isothermal oxidation test, the weight gain of the coated sample in Ar (0.415 mg/cm2) is smaller than that of uncoated (1.613 mg/cm2) and coated samples in air (0.498 mg/cm2). In addition, after the area specific resistance (ASR) test, the coated sample (73.68 mΩ cm2) in Ar has the lowest ASR compared with the uncoated (236.88 mΩ cm2) and coated samples in air (96.32 mΩ cm2). These results indicate that the formation of the CoFe2O4 spinel layer heightens oxidation resistance and electrical properties through preventing the outward diffusion of Cr3+ and inward diffusion of O2–. This work verifies that the Co-containing protective coating prepared in Ar is a promising coating material for SOFC applications.

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Oxidation and Electrical Behavior of Mn-Co-Coated Crofer 22 APU Steel Produced by a Pack Cementation Method for SOFC Interconnect Applications

Cited by 26 publications

References 58 publications

Understanding the Current-Voltage Behavior of High Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stacks

Understanding the Current-Voltage Behavior of High Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stacks

CHAPTER 6 Development of SOFC Interconnect Stainless Steels

Impact of Different Atmospheres on Oxidation and Electrical Performance of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Interconnect with Co-Containing Protective Coating

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