Oxidation and dissolution of iron in flowing lead–bismuth eutectic at 450°C

Long-term corrosion of austenitic steels in flowing LBE at 400 °C and 10 −7 mass% dissolved oxygen in comparison with 450 and 550 °C

“…In order to determine the corrosion loss, initial diameter of samples had been measured, before the test, in steps of 2 mm along the length of samples, with an accuracy of 0.5 ÷ 1 mm using a laser micrometer. The diameter of samples was re-measured after the test in the light optical microscope (LOM) at 2000-fold magnification [20,21]. The systematic procedure consists of twelve measurements of diameter on the transverse circular cross-section, rotating the specimen by 15 in-between measurements.…”

Oxygen–iron interaction in liquid lead–bismuth eutectic alloy

“…This simple reaction has been frequently hypothesized in the context of steel corrosion by LBE 7,8,11,12 but has never been quantitatively demonstrated to occur in the bulk of the LBE.…”

Lead–Bismuth Eutectic (LBE): A Coolant Candidate for Gen. IV Advanced Nuclear Reactor Concepts

“…[42] These tests include short term tests (<5000 h) and long-term tests (!5000 h) in static and flowing LBE. [60] A cross-section view of T91 exposure for 15 028 h to flowing oxygen-containing (0.016 ppm) LBE at 550°C and flow velocity 2 m s À1 is given in Figure 1. HT-9 (e.g., [51,52] ), T-91 (e.g., [53,54] ), T-410 (e.g., [51,55] ), and EP823 (e.g., [53] ).…”