Oxidants and antioxidants in myocardial infarction (MI): Investigation of ischemia modified albumin, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and catalase in individuals diagnosed with ST elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-STEMI (NSTEMI)

Abstract

Background: Coronary ischemia can lead to myocardial damage and necrosis. The pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases often includes increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant defense. The study aimed to assess levels of ischemia modified albumin (IMA), malondialdehyde acid (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase in individuals diagnosed with ST elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-STEMI.
 Methods: The present study prospectively included 50 STEMI patients, 55 NSTEMI patients, and 55 healthy subjects. Only patients who were recently diagnosed with STEMI or NSTEMI were included in this study. IMA, MDA, SOD, and catalase activities were measured spectrophotometrically. Significant coronary artery lesions were determined by angiography.
 Results: Patients with ACS had significantly greater IMA and MDA values than the healthy controls (p<0.001). In addition, patients with STEMI had IMA levels that were significantly greater than those of the patients with NSTEMI (p <0.001), while the reverse was true for MDA levels (p<0.001). The healthy controls had the highest levels of SOD and catalase levels, followed by patients with STEMI and patients with NSTEMI, respectively (p <0.001).
 There was a significant negative correlation among MDA and SOD with catalase levels (r = -0.771 p <0.001 MDA vs catalase; r = -0.821 p <0.001 SOD vs catalase).
 Conclusions: Data obtained in this study reveals that compared to healthy controls, STEMI and NSTEMI patients had increased levels MDA and IMA, and decreased levels of SOD and catalase.

Serum Concentrations of Ischaemia-Modified Albumin in Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…The 18 selected studies included 32 comparator arms in 1654 ACS patients (mean age 60 years, 60% men) and 1023 healthy controls or subjects with atypical chest pain without ACS (mean age 53 years, 58% men) ( Table 1 ) [ 11 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. IMA was measured using automated analysers in two studies [ 24 , 35 ], enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in one [ 31 ], and the spectrophotometric albumin cobalt binding assay in the remaining 15 [ 11 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 36 , 37 ]. Six comparative arms investigated overall ACS [ 21 , 22 , 25 , 28 , 29 , 34 ], two overall AMI [ 24 , 26 ], seven STEMI [ 11 , 27 , 30 , 31 , 33 , 35 , 36 ], nine NSTEMI [ ...…”

“…IMA was measured using automated analysers in two studies [ 24 , 35 ], enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in one [ 31 ], and the spectrophotometric albumin cobalt binding assay in the remaining 15 [ 11 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 36 , 37 ]. Six comparative arms investigated overall ACS [ 21 , 22 , 25 , 28 , 29 , 34 ], two overall AMI [ 24 , 26 ], seven STEMI [ 11 , 27 , 30 , 31 , 33 , 35 , 36 ], nine NSTEMI [ 11 , 27 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 35 , 36 , 37 ], and eight UA [ 11 , 23 , 26 , 27 , 30 , 31 , 33 , 35 ]. In all studies, IMA was measured within 24 h of the onset of symptoms [ 11 , 21 , 22 , 23 ...…”

“…Six comparative arms investigated overall ACS [ 21 , 22 , 25 , 28 , 29 , 34 ], two overall AMI [ 24 , 26 ], seven STEMI [ 11 , 27 , 30 , 31 , 33 , 35 , 36 ], nine NSTEMI [ 11 , 27 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 35 , 36 , 37 ], and eight UA [ 11 , 23 , 26 , 27 , 30 , 31 , 33 , 35 ]. In all studies, IMA was measured within 24 h of the onset of symptoms [ 11 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ].…”

“…In the sensitivity analysis, the corresponding pooled SMDs were not substantially altered when individual studies were omitted (effect size range, between 2.10 and 2.47, Figure 3 ). The funnel plot in Figure 4 revealed a distortive effect of three studies [ 30 , 34 , 36 ]. Their removal attenuated the effect size (SMD-1.74, 95% CI 1.32 to 2.15; p < 0.001) but not the heterogeneity (I 2 = 95.7%, p < 0.001).…”

“…The 18 selected studies included 32 comparator arms in 1654 ACS patients (mean age 60 years, 60% men) and 1023 healthy controls or subjects with atypical chest pain without ACS (mean age 53 years, 58% men) (Table 1) [11,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. IMA was measured using automated analysers in two studies [24,35], enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in one [31], and the spectrophotometric albumin cobalt binding assay in the remaining 15 [11,[21][22][23][25][26][27][28][29][30][32][33][34]36,37].…”