Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine

Chapman, Stephan; Robinson, Grace; Stradling, John; West, Sophie

doi:10.1093/med/9780199545162.001.0001

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Side-effects can be severe in about 5% of patients 6 and BCG sepsis, the most severe of systemic complications, is reported in around 0.4–0.7% of patients 5. Ten deaths have been attributed to BCG treatment to date,7 with one case occurring 3 years after BCG treatment that was associated with several months of oral corticosteroid medication 8. The majority of cases of sepsis were probably precipitated by physical disruptions in the bladder urothelium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biopsies of liver and lung from such patients show non-caseating granulomata. Cultures are rarely positive, but tissue M. bovis can be sometimes identified by PCR 7 . M. bovis is sensitive to all antituberculous medication, except for pyrazinamide and cycloserine,9 and it is also moderately sensitive to later generation fluoroquinolone antibiotics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A cough conundrum in a patient with a previous history of BCG immunotherapy for bladder cancer

Mehta¹,

Mehta

Mehta³

2012

BMJ Case Reports

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SummaryWe describe a non-smoker who presented with a persistent cough, weight loss and general malaise, and had a medical history of bladder carcinoma that had been successfully treated with intravesical BCG immunotherapy. Radiology revealed hilar lymphadenopathy, a predominantly mid-zone and lower-zone lung parenchymal nodular pattern with a perilymphatic distribution, a few thickened interlobular septae, and small pleural effusions bilaterally. The T-SPOT.TB blood test was negative. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery showed multiple pleural nodules, the histopathology of which showed multiple well-defined non-caseating granulomata. The patient was started on antituberculosis medication for presumed BCGosis-a systemic complication of previous BCG immunotherapy-and the patient showed an excellent clinical and radiological response. This case further adds to previous reports and reinforces the recommendation that all patients should be made fully aware of the potential systemic and delayed complications of BCG immunotherapy when they are consented for treatment. CASE PRESENTATIONA 50-year-old Indian woman presented with an 8-week history of a dry, irritating cough that was progressively worsening. She reported two stone weight losses over the previous 2 months and felt generally unwell. There were no night-sweats or fever. There was no history of: occupation-related dust inhalation, asthma, recurrent chest infections, tuberculosis (TB) or recent foreign travel. She denied keeping pets and had never smoked or indulged in illicit drug use. There was no family history of respiratory disease. Three years previously, she had been diagnosed with superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder ( pT1, G3) plus multifocal carcinoma in situ, and this was successfully treated with six intravesical instillations of BCG (Connaught strain: ImmuCyst) 38 months prior to her current presentation. Catheterisation at the time was atraumatic and the treatment was completed without any side-effects. On examination, her body mass index was 18.1 kg/m 2 , and her physical examination was normal. INVESTIGATIONSAn ECG tracing was normal. The chest radiograph (figure 1) showed bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy associated with ground-glass shadowing in the mid/lower zones. There were one or two small ill-defined nodules in the lower zones. There was a trace of a pleural effusion at the bases. The full blood count, urea and electrolytes, including serum calcium, and liver function tests were all unremarkable. However, there were raised inflammatory markers, with a raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate at 50 mm/h (reference range: 0-14 mm/h) but a normal C reactive protein at 9 mg/l (reference range: 0-10 mg/l). The serum immunoglobulin G level was only mildly elevated in a polyclonal manner at 16.82 g/l (reference range: 6.00-16.00 g/l). Serum ACE level was raised to 78 IU/l (reference range: 8-59 IU/l). Serum antinuclear antibodies and antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies were undetected and rheumatoid factor was negative. Urine d...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cough conundrum in a patient with a previous history of BCG immunotherapy for bladder cancer

Mehta¹,

Mehta

Mehta³

2012

BMJ Case Reports

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“…Despite being a potentially curable disease, tuberculosis is the second leading infectious cause of death worldwide (after AIDS), killing around 2 million people per year [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern of tuberculosis in patients of a university hospital during the period (2004–2011)

Zedan

Wakeel

Shaarawy

et al. 2015

Egyptian Journal of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis

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Aim of the work: To identify the pattern of infection among diagnosed patients with tuberculosis presented to chest diseases clinic and/or admitted to the department of chest diseases in Bab El Shaaria (Al-Azhar) University hospital.Subjects and methods: By retrospective analysis of available data, all patients who were diagnosed and registered in the period from January 2004 till December 2011 in the follow up records in TB clinic and in the chest diseases department in Bab El Shaaria University hospital were included. Data were collected from the patient files. These data included: full history, chest X-ray, sputum examination results, and all other data related to the patient's condition.Results: A total of 384 patients were registered in TB clinic in Bab El Shaaria University hospital with a diagnosis of tuberculosis (pulmonary or extra-pulmonary). Their age ranged from 3 to 80 years, with mean age of 37.5 + 16.0 years. As regards gender there were 178 male patients (46.4%), and 206 female patients (53.6%). As regards site affected there were 209 patients (54.4%) with pulmonary TB and 175 patients (45.6%) with extrapulmonary TB. The percentage of TB cases to the total number of chest clinic visitors per year was ranging between 0.08% and 0.8% with an average of 0.48%, while the percentage of pulmonary TB cases to the total number of TB cases per year was ranging between 27% and 65% of total TB cases per year with an average of 51.7%.

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“…Common treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. NSCLC is sometimes treated with surgery, whereas SCLC usually responds better to chemotherapy and radiotherapy [13]. Overall, 16.8% of people in the United States diagnosed with lung cancer survive five years after the diagnosis [14], while outcomes on average are worse in the developing world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung Cancer: A Chronic Disease Epidemiology; Prevalence Study

Maxwell

Kayode

Olusola

et al. 2019

AJARR

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Chronic lung diseases (CLD) including asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and their occurrence in multiple sclerosis (MS) remains of interest. Increasing awareness of the possible adverse effect of CLD on outcomes in MS, such as disability progression and mortality, has heightened the need to understand the relationship between these chronic conditions. Prevalence of lung Cancer was discussed in this paper, with intend to; investigate the number of patients and deaths affected with lung cancer, test the effect of sex on lung cancer incidence, test the effect of environment and educational level on lung cancer incidence, examine the trend in lung cancer, and measure the relative risk associated with lung cancer. Secondary data sourced from the records units of five different hospitals was used. Cross tabulation, Chi-square test for independence, regression analysis, correlation analysis and odds ratio were applied on the three year study. From the study, it was found that lung cancer cases are independent on environmental factor, educational level and sex. A strong linear relationship exists between lung cancer and death from such disease, implying that increase in the number of lung cancer cases has very high positive effect on the occurrence of death (r = 0.783), 61.4% of the variation in death occurrence is explained by lung cancer. The probability of dying from lung cancer is higher in patients 50 years and above than in younger patients (age < 50 yrs).

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Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

A cough conundrum in a patient with a previous history of BCG immunotherapy for bladder cancer

A cough conundrum in a patient with a previous history of BCG immunotherapy for bladder cancer

Pattern of tuberculosis in patients of a university hospital during the period (2004–2011)

Lung Cancer: A Chronic Disease Epidemiology; Prevalence Study

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