Oxalic acid mediated synthesis of WO3·H2O nanoplates and self-assembled nanoflowers under mild conditions

Crystal transformation of 2D tungstic acid H2WO4 to WO3 for enhanced photocatalytic water oxidation

“…S1), which testifies the important role of oxalic acid in formation of WO3•H2O nanosheets. By means of adding oxalic acid into the precursor solution, the growth direction of WO3•H2O crystals could be controlled due to the interlayer water in the WO3•H2O snatched by C2O4 2ions, resulting in limiting growth of certain crystal facets [25,26].…”

Controllability of assemblage from WO3·H2O nanoplates to nanoflowers with the assistance of oxalic acid

“…Due to some extraordinary chemical and physical properties, WO 3 has been comprehensively applied and developed in many researches and industries, such as gas sensor [1][2][3], electrochromic [4][5][6], photochromic [7,8], solar energy devices [9,10], photocatalysts [11][12][13][14][15][16] and so on. Since many fundamental properties of semiconductor materials rely not only on the composition but also on the structure, shape and morphology, synthesis of WO 3 with a tunable shape or morphologies has been the subject of insensitive research, such as one-dimensional (1D) like nanorods [17][18][19], nanowires [20,21], and 2D like nanoplates [22], nanofilms [23][24][25], and 3D like nanoflowers [26], nanotrees [27]. In addition, many researchers had proved that the effect of size and structure on the properties of gas sensors [28,29].…”

Novel 3D flower-like TiO2:Eu3+ hierarchitectures: Hydrothermal synthesis and luminescent properties

“…Thus, many recent efforts have been focused on the hierarchical assembly of 1D and 2D nanoscale building blocks, such as nanowires [8], nanorods [9], and nanosheets [10], into ordered complex hierarchical architectures, which are expected to have novel collective optical, magnetic, and electronic properties. Currently, numerous methods, such as the low-temperature aqueous solution route [11,12], precipitation process [13], sonochemical method [14], and hydrothermal technology [15][16][17], have been developed to fabricate various hierarchical superstructures. Among them, the hydrothermal method shows special advantages for the synthesis of a variety of hierarchical architectures owing to the mild synthesis conditions, potential for scale-up, economic factors, simplicity, and ease of operation.…”