2023
DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x2300119x
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Ownership is (likely to be) a moral foundation

Mohammad Atari,
Jonathan Haidt

Abstract: Boyer presents a compelling account of ownership as the outcome of interaction between two evolved cognitive systems. We integrate this model into current discussions of moral pluralism, suggesting that ownership meets the criteria to be a moral foundation. We caution against ignoring cultural variation in ownership norms and against explaining complex, contested moral phenomena using a monist approach.

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Cited by 5 publications
(3 citation statements)
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References 69 publications
(16 reference statements)
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“…We do not contend that these are the only and final six foundations; rather, these six seem to capture many enduring beliefs and behaviors, and seem to have lasting explanatory power. Building beyond these six foundations, scholars have been investigating additional candidate moral foundations such as liberty (Iyer et al., 2012) and ownership (Atari & Haidt, 2023). What MFT emphatically proposes is pluralism, arguing that reducing the moral domain to one single foundation does not capture the breadth of moral judgments.…”
Section: Moral Foundations Theory and Its Four Central Claimsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…We do not contend that these are the only and final six foundations; rather, these six seem to capture many enduring beliefs and behaviors, and seem to have lasting explanatory power. Building beyond these six foundations, scholars have been investigating additional candidate moral foundations such as liberty (Iyer et al., 2012) and ownership (Atari & Haidt, 2023). What MFT emphatically proposes is pluralism, arguing that reducing the moral domain to one single foundation does not capture the breadth of moral judgments.…”
Section: Moral Foundations Theory and Its Four Central Claimsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The first two—Care and Fairness—are often referred to as individualizing foundations, whereas the latter—Loyalty, Authority, and Sanctity—are also known as the binding foundations. Although recent research has revealed the possibility of additional foundations (e.g., ownership, liberty; Atari & Haidt, 2023, Iyer et al., 2012) and has proposed breaking Fairness into Equality and Proportionality (Atari et al., 2023; we elaborate on this point in the next section), those five initial foundations are the ones on which most empirical work has been done (Graham et al., 2013).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For example, liberty/oppression is now also included as a basis for the sixth foundation 8 . Moreover, equality and proportionality (e.g., 9 ), honor 10 , and ownership 11 have been proposed as candidate domains or in the place of the “ Fairness/reciprocity ” domain (e.g., 9 ). Further, Curry, Mullins, and Whitehouse 12 reported the seven types of cooperative behaviors for universal moral rules.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%