Ovule Culture to Obtain Progeny from Hybrid Seedless Bunch Grapes

Abstract

<jats:p>Ovules of seedless bunch grapes <jats:italic>(Vitis</jats:italic> spp.) fertilized by controlled pollination increased in size during berry development. More ovules cultured 10 days or 60 to 70 days after pollination became brown compared to those cultured at 20 to 40 days. Cultured ovules developed with and without endosperm. Globular to torpedo stage embryos were recovered. More embryos and plants were recovered from ovules cultured at 40 or 60 days than at 10 or 20 days after pollination. Pollen parent significantly affected both embryo and plant recovery at certain sampling times. BA incorporated into medium significantly increased embryo germination percentage. Electrophoretic analysis of glucosephosphate isomerase in progeny showed that 67% to 88% were hybrids of controlled crosses. Of four vines that fruited thus far, two were seedless. Seedless progeny had smaller seed traces than either parent. Chemical name used: N-(phenylmethyl) -1H-purin-6-amine (BA).</jats:p>

Embryo rescue technique and its applications for seedless breeding in grape

“…indole butyric acid (IBA), Ergostim, tartaric acid, L-glutamine and Lcysteine Emershad and Ramming (1984) Several genotypes Amino acids Emershad et al (1989) Pollen parent, reciprocal cross 10-70 days after pollination (DAP) NN (1969) and MS (1962) media; gibberellic acid (GA 3 ), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), benzyladenine (BA), sucrose Gray et al (1990) Plant growth regulators (PGRs: chlormequat (CCC), uniconazole) Ledbetter and Shonnard (1990) 29 Genotypes Ramming (1990) Pollen parent Ramming et al (1990a) Reciprocal cross 52 and 66 DAA NN medium with IAA, GA 3 and active charcoal (AC) Tsolova (1990) Seedcoat manipulation Fernandez et al (1991) 10-40 DAA MS, White's (1954) and NN media;…”

“…Specifically, more embryos were produced when a seeded cultivar or a seedless cultivar which has large abortive seeds was used as male parent, compared to the results obtained from two seedless cultivars which have very small abortive seeds (Cain et al 1983). It is well known however, that both female and male parent genotypes can have great impact on the capacity for embryo formation, embryo germination and plant development in the context of grape embryo rescue (Ebadi et al 2004;Garcia et al 2000;Gray et al 1990;Ji et al 2013b;Li et al 2013;Liu et al 2008;Qi and Ding 2002;Spiegel-Roy et al 1985. In one report it was found that, using identical conditions, the rates of embryo germination and seedling formation obtained from ovule culture were much higher when Flame Seedless was used as female parent than when Perlette or Sultanina were used as female parents (Spiegel-Roy et al 1985).…”

“…The success in rescuing weak and immature plant embryos largely depends on their stage of maturity and the composition of the growth medium (Sharma et al 1996). Moreover, studies specifically using grape have shown that in this species the main factors influencing in ovulo embryo rescue are genotype (Cain et al 1983;Gribaudo et al 1993;Liu et al 2003;Ponce et al 2000;Ramming et al 1990b;Singh et al 2011;, the age of the ovule upon removal (Gray et al 1990;Ji et al 2013b;Liu et al 2003;Notsuka et al 2001;Pommer et al 1995;Singh et al 2011;Spiegel-Roy et al 1985;Yang et al 2007) and the nature of the culture medium (Amaral et al 2001;Cain et al 1983;Gray et al 1990;Hiramatsu et al 2003;Nookaraju et al 2007;Sun et al 2011;Tang et al 2009;Yamashita et al 1995Yamashita et al , 1998, as well as other variables (Agüero et al 1996;Bharathy et al 2003Bharathy et al , 2005Bouquet and Davis 1989;Fernandez et al 1991;Korpás and Hradilík 2009;Singh et al 2011). These are summarized in Table 1.…”

“…One difficulty of cultivating stenospermocarpic seedless grapes is that their embryos frequently abort during development, rendering conventional breeding approaches ineffective. However, this problem can be addressed through in ovulo embryo rescue, thus making the breeding of stenospermocarpic seedless grapes more efficient (Tsolova and Atanassov 1994;Bouquet and Davis 1989;Burger et al 2003;Cain et al 1983;Emershad and Ramming 1982;Gray et al 1990;Gribaudo et al 1993;Ji et al 2013b;Liu et al 2003Liu et al , 2008Notsuka et al 2001;Perl et al 2000;Pommer et al 1995;Ramming 1990;Singh et al 2011;Tang et al 2009;Valdez 2005). Besides the use of the technique in breeding seedless cultivars, it has also been applied to the breeding of early ripening grapes (Ramming 1990;Ramming and Emershad 1984) and triploid grapes Ji et al 2013b;Okamoto et al 1993;Park et al 1999;Sun et al 2011;Xu et al 2005;Yamashita et al 1993Yamashita et al , 1995Yamashita et al , 1998Yang et al 2007), as well as for hybridization between distantly related Vitis species (Goldy et al 1988(Goldy et al , 1989Guo et al 2010Guo et al , 2011aRamming et al 1991Ramming et al , 2000Ramming et al , 2009.…”

In vitro embryo rescue culture of F1 progenies from crosses between diploid and tetraploid grape varieties

“…Moreover, this result was approximately the same as in previous reports (Spiegel-Roy et al 1985;Gray et al1990). It appeared that adding GA 3 (~0.35 mg l -1 ) and IAA (~1.75 mg l -1 ) in medium would be propitious to not only break the dormancy of embryo, but also promote the embryo germination and growth (Spiegel-Roy et al 1985;Gray et al 1990;Yamashita et al 1998). Nevertheless, differences of genotypes in response to GA 3 and IAA should not be ignorable in embryo rescue culture.…”