Ovipositional Deterrent in the Sweet Pepper,Capsicum annuum, at the Mature Stage againstLiriomyza trifolii(Burgess)

Abstract

Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), the American serpentine leafminer fly, is well known as a serious pest throughout the world. This insect attack over 21 different plant families including solanaceae plants. The mature sweet pepper, Capsicum annuum (Solanaceae), however, shows resistance to this leafminer fly. This resistance is based on the ovipositional deterrent in the sweet pepper leaf against the fly species. Based on bioassayguided fractionation, luteolin 7-O--D-apiofuranosyl-(1!2)--D-glucopyranoside was isolated and identified as the ovipositional deterrent against this insect species. This compound completely deterred L. trifolii females from laying their eggs on a host plant leaf treated at 4.90 g/cm 2 .

Color for Life: Biosynthesis and Distribution of Phenolic Compounds in Pepper (Capsicum annuum)

“…Luteolin-O-(apiosylmalonyl)glucoside (206.6 mg/kg fw) [120], luteolin-O-maloylpentosyldihexoside (105.3 mg/kg fw) [120] and luteolin in its aglycone form (103.5 mg/kg fw) [107,109,111,113,118,123] are the major flavones present in the fruits of Capsicum. In the leaves, the amount of graveobioside A is even higher than in the fruits (reaching 121.36 mg/kg fw) [114,115,121], cynaroside, another glycoside of luteolin also exist in considerable amounts in the leaves (370 mg/kg fw) [113,114]. However, the main flavone present in pepper leaves is apigenin-7-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside reaching up to 3530 mg/kg fw [109].…”

“…Table 2 shows the different phenolic compounds that were identified and quantified in Capsicum annuum using liquid chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Fruits are much more well studied, although in the cases that different parts of the plant were used for the quantification it is possible to see that other organs have considerable amounts of phenolics [107,112,115]. Kashiwagi et al [115] and Kim et al [114] showed that pepper leaves have a higher amount of quercetin, luteolin and graveobisode A than the fruits.…”

“…Fruits are much more well studied, although in the cases that different parts of the plant were used for the quantification it is possible to see that other organs have considerable amounts of phenolics [107,112,115]. Kashiwagi et al [115] and Kim et al [114] showed that pepper leaves have a higher amount of quercetin, luteolin and graveobisode A than the fruits. In addition, for the cited studies different cultivars of Capsicum annuum L. have been used, which justifies the ranges reported for the compounds quantified.…”

Effect of UV Radiation and Salt Stress on the Accumulation of Economically Relevant Secondary Metabolites in Bell Pepper Plants

“…A potential medicinal use of graveobioside A (Luteolin-7-apiosyl-glucoside) is proven by a patent on its application in preparation of drugs for preventing hyperuricemia and gout [22]. Graveobioside A was shown to be contained in several plants, such as celery seeds, parsley, and bell pepper [23,24]. Several SMs in Solanaceae leaves have the potential to biologically control insects [25].…”

“…Several SMs in Solanaceae leaves have the potential to biologically control insects [25]. Graveobioside A is such a potential natural insecticide, since oviposition of the American serpentine leafminer fly (Liriomyza trifolii) was shown to drop in kidney bean leaves treated with a graveobioside A containing solution [24]. It is expected that the demand for natural insecticides will increase across the EU due to more rigid legislation [26].…”