Oviposition behavior in the Australian stick insectExtatosoma tiaratum

Carlberg, U.

doi:10.1007/bf01952011

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Eggs were collected from tank bottoms within three days of oviposition. Three species were used: E. tiaratum, an Australian phasmid known to fling its robust eggs up to 2 m horizontally when ovipositing (Carlberg 1984) and whose capitulum-bearing eggs are known to be dispersed by ants (Hughes & Westoby 1992); Ramulus nematodes (de Haan), an apterous species from Thailand with long and thin eggs with no capitulum; and Ramulus artemis (Westwood), an apterous and parthenogenetic species from Vietnam with flaxseed-shaped eggs and no capitulum (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Severin (1910) dismissed the resemblance as having "no bionomic importance", but others have disagreed. Phasmid eggs are most often dropped or ejected onto the ground with little care, exposing them to many terrestrial predators (Hinton 1981, Carlberg 1984, Hughes & Westoby 1992. One hypothesis is that phasmid eggs evolved to resemble seeds because such eggs were ignored by egg-feeding birds and parasitoids (Goeldi 1886), although the latter are known to detect eggs through chemoreception and are unlikely to be fooled by physical mimicry (Severin 1910, Grimpe 1921.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phasmid Eggs Do Not Survive Digestion by Quails and Chickens

Shelomi

2011

Journal of Orthoptera Research

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phasmid Eggs Do Not Survive Digestion by Quails and Chickens

Shelomi

2011

Journal of Orthoptera Research

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“…Their body color can change depending on the environmental conditions; in Carausius morosus, the body pigmentation can be affected by visual stimulation of its compound eyes (Detlef, 1977). Much research has been carried out on their oviposition behavior, maturation divisions of parthenogenesis, preying by spiders, and leg movements (Carlberg, 1984;Eva and Ulrich, 1985;Pijnacker, 1966;Wolfgang, 1990).…”

Section: Hatching Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Hatching Characteristics and Diet of the Stick Insect, Baculum elongatum (Phasmida: Phasmatidae) for Artificial Mass Rearing

Lee¹,

Kim²,

Kang³

et al. 2013

International Journal of Industrial Entomology

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Baculum elongatum has several peculiarities such as parthenogenesis, unique external features, changing body color, and dropping oviposition, which makes it a potential economically useful insect. Oviposition was performed by females without fertilization by the sperm of males. The oviposition period was 42.2 ± 22.7 days and the number of eggs per female was 109.5 ± 70.5 eggs. The hatch rate was 73.3% at 25°C and 66.7% after low temperature treatment (8°C for 60 days). In nature, B. elongatum overwinters as an egg, but it can be assumed from the results that cold temperatures were not required for hatching. The hatch rate was 98.2% in the treatment using floral foam, fermented sawdust, and leaves.The developmental period was 100.9 ± 4.2 days for eggs, 55.3 ± 4.6 days for nymphs, and 49.7 ± 16.0 days for adults. The length of the eggs was 0.33 ± 0.0 cm and the lengths of the nymphs were clearly distinguishable according to the instar stage. Clover (Trifolium repens) was an excellent diet as it was similar to the host plant and could be used as an alternative diet. The rate of reaching adulthood for the insects was 66.7% on an artificial diet containing 25% acacia leaves. For sustainable mass rearing of nymphs or adults of B. elongatum, a natural diet could be used such as acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia), white oak (Quercus aliena), chestnut (Castanea crenata var. dulcis), and bush clover (Lespedeza bicolor), or an alternative diet such as clover or artificial diet.

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Canopy parkour: movement ecology of post-hatch dispersal in a gliding nymphal stick insect (Extatosoma tiaratum)

Zeng

Chang

Williams

et al. 2020

Preprint

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For flightless arboreal arthropods, to move from understory toward tree canopies is cognitively and energetically expensive, because various vegetational structures form complex threedimensional landscapes with air gaps. The exposure to predation and environmental perturbations in the canopy space further obstruct the movement process. How to effectively move through the canopy space thus requires effective navigation tactics and movement skills. In the Australian stick insect Extatosoma tiaratum, the first instar nymphs hatch on the forest floor and disperse toward tree canopies in the daytime. Here, we address the movement ecology of dispersal in the E. tiaratum nymphs under controlled laboratory conditions. We found the newly hatched nymphs ascend with high endurance, accomplishing 100+ m within 60 minutes.Their navigation toward open canopies is generally directed by negative gravitaxis, positive phototaxis and tactic response to vertically oriented contrast patterns. We also found nymphal E. tiaratum use directed jumping to cross air gaps and respond to tactile stimulations and potential threat with self-dropping reflexes, actions which both lead to aerial descent. In sum, the post-hatch dispersal in E. tiaratum consists of various visually mediated movements both on vegetational structures and in air, within which context gliding is an effective mechanism for height recovery after predator-and perturbation-induced descent. These results further support the fundamental role of a diurnal temporal niche, in addition to spatial niche, to the evolution of gliding in wingless arboreal invertebrates.

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Oviposition behavior in the Australian stick insectExtatosoma tiaratum

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Phasmid Eggs Do Not Survive Digestion by Quails and Chickens

Phasmid Eggs Do Not Survive Digestion by Quails and Chickens

Study on the Hatching Characteristics and Diet of the Stick Insect, Baculum elongatum (Phasmida: Phasmatidae) for Artificial Mass Rearing

Canopy parkour: movement ecology of post-hatch dispersal in a gliding nymphal stick insect (Extatosoma tiaratum)

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