Ovine prenatal growth, its mathematical description and the effects of maternal nutrition

Robinson, John J.; McDonald, I.

doi:10.1051/rnd:19790210

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…Justification for the use of the Gompertz model to describe foetal growth has been discussed elsewhere (Robinson et ai, 1977;Robinson and McDonald, 1979). Evidently the present data fitted such a model well (Figure la).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Foetal development in red deer (cervus elaphus) 1. Growth of the foetus and associated tissues

Adam¹,

McDonald²,

Moir³

et al. 1988

Anim. Sci.

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Eighteen pregnant red deer hinds were slaughtered at known stages of gestation between 72 and 224 days (term = 233 days). The udder was removed and the gravid uterus was separated into foetal, placental, empty uterus, amniotic fluid and allantoic fluid components. Equations were fitted to the weights of each component to describe the effects of stage of gestation. Hind weight at mating had no significant effect. For the foetal weight (Y, kg) the data were closely fitted by a version of the Gompertz equation,where t is time in days from conception and . ? is the sex of the foetus (male = -1, female = 1). The weights of the placenta and empty uterus were similarly fitted by versions of the Gompertz equation and mammary tissue by an exponential relationship. However, the weight of (log c ) amniotic fluid was best described by a third degree polynomial, and that of (log e ) allantoic fluid by a linear equation.Using the equations and their first differentials, respectively, estimates were made of mean weights and daily rates of gain at different stages of gestation. These indicated altogether relatively slow growth and low weight of the red deer conceptus. Udder development occurred typically late in pregnancy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Foetal development in red deer (cervus elaphus) 1. Growth of the foetus and associated tissues

Adam¹,

McDonald²,

Moir³

et al. 1988

Anim. Sci.

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“…There is a strong correlation between placental weight and size at birth in all species studied; a similar relationship is also present earlier in gestation [1,[158][159][160][161]. When the effects of fetal undernutrition on the growth of individual tissues and organs are examined, however, marked differential effects are found [162]. In all species studied, the reduction in placental size is as great or greater than that of fetal liver and considerably more than that of the body as a whole, while the reduction in fetal brain growth is less than that of other organs [1,158,[161][162][163][164].…”

Section: Fetal Growth Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…When the effects of fetal undernutrition on the growth of individual tissues and organs are examined, however, marked differential effects are found [162]. In all species studied, the reduction in placental size is as great or greater than that of fetal liver and considerably more than that of the body as a whole, while the reduction in fetal brain growth is less than that of other organs [1,158,[161][162][163][164]. Uterine blood flow to the placenta increases more rapidly than placental weight with increasing gestational age; however, within groups of animals at similar gestational ages, blood flow is also closely related to placental size [160,165,166].…”

Section: Fetal Growth Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Glucose utilization in hypoglycemic, growth-deficient ovine fetuses may be inadequate to support placental lactate and fructose production [169]; substantial conversion of alanine and branched chain amino acids from the fetus has been shown to occur in placenta [20,162,169]. DiGiacomo and Hay have postulated a reciprocal relationship between placental glucose and substrates like placental glycogen, amino acids, or lactate [21].…”

Section: Fetal Growth Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of the placenta in fetal nutrition and growth.

Garnica

Chan

1996

Journal of the American College of Nutrition

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The placenta plays a key role in the nutrition of the fetus. It mediates the active transport of nutrients and metabolic wastes across the barrier separating maternal and fetal compartments, as well as modifying the composition of some nutrients through its own metabolic activity. The function of the placenta is essential to the growth of a healthy fetus; it is becoming apparent that the activities of the placenta are in turn modulated by signals originating from the fetus. Communication between placenta and fetus is especially critical in intrauterine growth retardation. The importance of the interaction of factors like insulin-like growth factor and epidermal growth factor with their receptors is becoming increasingly clear.

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“…The influence of maternal nutrition on placental and fetal growth in sheep has been reviewed recently (Robinson 1977;Robinson and McDonald 1979;Black 1983). Generally, placental weight does not appear to increase after about day 100 and severe undernutrition can reduce the number of cotyledons and also the total weight of cotyledonary tissue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Maternal Nutritional Status on Fetal and Placental Growth and on Fetal Urea Synthesis in Sheep

Faichney

White²

1987

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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Aust. 1. BioI. Sci. 1987, 40, 365-77 Fetal and placental growth, and fetal and maternal urea synthesis in late gestation, were studied in 2-yearold Corriedale ewes on a maintenance ration (M) except when subjected to moderate dietary restriction from day 50 to day 100 (RM), day 100 to day 135 (MR) or day 50 to day 135 (RR). In comparison with fetuses of ewes maintained throughout the experiment (MM), RR fetuses were smaller and RM fetuses were larger whereas MR fetuses were unaffected; all restrictions were associated with increased placental size. Fetal urea synthesis at day 133 in the well-nourished ewes (MM) was 21.5 mg N h-i kg-i increasing to, respectively, 25.7, 27.3 and 38.8 mg N h-i kg-i in groups MR, RM and RR; these values were 1.6, 3.9,2.2 and 3.8 times the maternal rates of synthesis. On the basis of the observed urea synthesis rates, amino acid oxidation could have accounted for up to, respectively, 32, 38, 40 and 571110 of fetal oxygen consumption in groups MM, MR, RM and RR. Amino acids, in addition to their role in tissue accretion, may be key energy substrates for the fetus.

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Ovine prenatal growth, its mathematical description and the effects of maternal nutrition

Abstract: Aberdeen AB2 9SB (Scotland Introduction.

Cited by 28 publications

References 23 publications

Foetal development in red deer (cervus elaphus) 1. Growth of the foetus and associated tissues

Foetal development in red deer (cervus elaphus) 1. Growth of the foetus and associated tissues

The role of the placenta in fetal nutrition and growth.

Effects of Maternal Nutritional Status on Fetal and Placental Growth and on Fetal Urea Synthesis in Sheep

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