Ovicidal and Deleterious Effects of Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) Nut Shell Oil and Its Fractions on Musca domestica, Chrysomya megacephala, Anticarsia gemmatalis and Spodoptera frugiperda

Abstract

In this work, we evaluated the ovicidal activity and the deleterious effects of cashew (Anacardium occidentale) nut shell oil and its fractions on the development of Musca domestica and Chrysomya megacephala, important vectors of several diseases. The insecticidal effects of this plant were also measured on the first and second instar larvae of Anticarsia gemmatalis and Spodoptera frugiperda, soy and maize pests, respectively. The fly eggs and the crop pest insect larvae were exposed to the cashew (Anacardium occidentale) nut shell liquid (CNSL) and its fractions: technical CNSL, anacardic acid, cardanol and cardol. The results show that the cardol fraction, for both species of flies, presented the lowest lethal concentration with LC50 of 80.4 mg/L for M. domestica and 90.2 mg/L for C. megacephala. For the mortality of the larvae of A. gemmatalis and S. frugiperda, the most effective fraction was anacardic acid with LC50 of 295.1 mg/L and 318.4 mg/L, respectively. In all species, the mortality rate of the commercial compounds (cypermethrin 600 mg/L and temephos 2 mg/L) was higher than that of the evaluated compounds. Despite this, the results obtained suggest their potential in field trials, once the fractions of A. occidentale presented high mortality at low lethal concentrations in laboratory conditions, with the possibility of integrated use in the control of disease vectors and agricultural pests, employing ecofriendly compounds.

Treating Leishmaniasis in Amazonia, Part 2: Multi-Target Evaluation of Widely Used Plants to Understand Medicinal Practices

“…Other factors than pharmacological activity should however explain this species' reputation. Notably, the presence of corrosive substances in A. occidentale nut (anacardic acid, cardanol, cardol) places this species in the category of irritating and burning plants (Carvalho et al, 2019). In relation with the words of Ramdas "cruel disease, cruel medicine", this species physiological particularity could therefore account for its stem bark or leaves use against leihmaniasis (França et al, 1996;Ramdas, 2012).…”

Acyl–Acyl Carrier Protein Desaturases and Plant Biotic Interactions

“…Anacardic acids have received great attention by the community of chemicobiology researchers and pharmaceutical companies due to their potent biological activity against Alzheimer's disease [97] as well as antitumor [98], anti-inflammatory, and anti-obese activity [99]. They also display bactericide [100], fungicide [101,102], insecticide [103,104], anti-parasite [94,105,106], and molluscicide properties [99].…”

Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (Anacardium occidentale) as a Botanical Insecticide to Control Helopeltis sp on Cocoa plants

“…Some uses of CNSL as a botanical insecticide include controlling Aedes aegypti larvae [3] Tribolium castaneum [4]. Musca domestica and Chysomia megacephala, Anticarsia gemmatalia, and Spodoptera frugiperda [5]. According to [6] even plant parts such as roots, leaves, stems also act as ovicides to control coconut root grub (Leucopholis canephora).…”