Ovicidal and Adulticidal Effects of Eugenia caryophyllata Bud and Leaf Oil Compounds on Pediculus capitis

Abstract

The toxicity of Eugenia caryophyllata bud and leaf oil-derived compounds (acetyleugenol, beta-caryophyllene, eugenol, alpha-humulene, and methyl salicylate) and congeners of eugenol (isoeugenol and methyleugenol) against eggs and females of Pediculus capitis was examined using direct contact application and fumigation methods and compared with those of the widely used delta-phenothrin and pyrethrum. In a filter paper diffusion bioassay with female P. capitis, the pediculicidal activity of the Eugenia bud and leaf oils was comparable to those of delta-phenothrin and pyrethrum on the basis of LT(50) values at 0.25 mg/cm(2). At 0.25 mg/cm(2), the compound most toxic to female P. capitis was eugenol followed by methyl salicylate. Acetyleugenol, beta-caryophyllene, alpha-humulene, isoeugenol, and methyleugenol were not effective. Eugenol at 0.25 mg/cm(2) was as potent as delta-phenothrin and pyrethrum but was slightly less effective than the pyrethroids at 0.125 mg/cm(2). Against P. capitis eggs, methyl salicylate and eugenol were highly effective at 0.25 and 1.0 mg/cm(2), respectively, whereas little or no activity at 5 mg/cm(2) was observed with the other test compounds as well as with delta-phenothrin and pyrethrum. In fumigation tests with female P. capitis at 0.25 mg/cm(2), eugenol and methyl salicylate were more effective in closed cups than in open ones, indicating that the effect of the compounds was largely due to action in the vapor phase. Neither delta-phenothrin nor pyrethrum exhibited fumigant toxicity. The Eugenia bud and leaf essential oils, particularly eugenol and methyl salicylate, merit further study as potential P. capitis control agents or lead compounds.

Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Syzygium aromaticum Extract and Essential oil

“…The inhibitory activity exhibited by Syzygium aromaticum oil against the test organisms in this research is due to the presence of several constituents such as eugenol, betacaryophyllene, limonene, alpha terpinolene (Chaieb et al, 2007), acetyl eugenol, methyl salicylate, iso-eugenol, methyl-eugenol, phenylacetic acid, salicyclic acid, protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, eugenin, eugenitin (Yang et al, 2003), phenolic compounds (kaempferol, rhamnetin, isorhamnetin, myricetin, quercetin, gallic acid, caffeic acid and syringic acid) (Table II) respectively (Cai and Wu, 1996). The broad spectrum antimicrobial activity exhibited by Syzygium aromaticum oil and crude extract agrees with the reports of Park et al, (2007) and Fu et al, (2007) that reported potent antifungal and antibacterial effects of Syzygium aromaticum on microorganisms due to its mechanism of action which include denaturation of proteins and reaction with cell membrane phospholipids thus changing the membrane permeability of the microorganism.…”

Synergetic effects of two botanical entomocides as pest-protectants in maize grains

“…[60][61][62][63] While, M. fragrans (E. aromatica) contains: eugenol, eugenyl acetate, cariofilen β-caryophyllene, 1,8-Cineole and -Cadinene which produce characteristic smell and insecticidal activity [64][65][66][67] which is responsible for the sharp, peppery taste, characteristic smell, insecticidal and biological activity of A. melegueta and M. fragrans (E. aromatica). [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68] …”

Efecto pediculicida de una formulación en base a Eucaliptus globulus L

“…Estos fueron "toxicidad en fase vapor" y "toxicidad por inmersión". Para evaluar la seguridad se efectúo la "toxicidad sobre tejido" (ensayo HET-CAM) [12][13][14][15] . Como control se usó deltametrina 0,02 g y piperonil butóxido 2,5 g, shampoo.…”