Overwintering of 
            Trifolium repens
             L. and Succeeding Growth: Results from a Common Protocol carried out at Twelve European Sites

Wachendorf, M.; Collins, R. P.; Connolly, J.; Elgersma, A.; Fothergill, M.; Frankow‐Lindberg, B. E.; Ghesquiere, A.; Guckert, A.; Guinchard, M.P.; Helgadottir, A.; Lüscher, A.; Nolan, T.; Nykänen-Kurki, P.; Nösberger, J.; Parente, G.; Puzio, S.; Rhodes, I.; Robin, C.; Ryan, A.; Stäheli, B.; Stoffel, S.; Taube, F.

doi:10.1093/annbot/88.suppl_1.669

Cited by 15 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…Pasture productivity and persistence is reduced by low air humidity and periods of cold (Wachendorf et al, 2001b) as a consequence of morphological and physiological changes during acclimation to winter cold (Helgadóttir et al, 2001; Wachendorf et al, 2001b). Perennial ryegrass spring regrowth starts before white clover at lower temperatures, which delays and depresses clover growth because the stolons are located close to the soil surface or are buried at the end of the winter (Collins et al, 1991; Wachendorf et al, 2001a). The rapid early spring growth habits of perennial ryegrass also reduce light quality at the soil level where white clover stolons and growing points are located.…”

Section: Geographic Location Of the Collection Site Of The 28 Naturalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plants that lose stolons and produce fewer growing points after a cold period are more cold stress sensitive, whereas plants with higher growing point density in late autumn and early spring more cold stress resistant. According to Harris et al (1983) and Collins et al (1991), the latter type of morphophysiological adaptation favors early spring clover regrowth and the appearance and development of new stolons, which also improves if the leaf area intercepts sufficient radiation for growth (Wachendorf et al, 2001a(Wachendorf et al, , 2001b.…”

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Phenotypic Variation of Cold Stress Resistance‐Related Traits of White Clover Populations Naturalized in Patagonian Cold Environments

2018

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White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is the main forage legume species in grazing pastures in central, central‐southern, and southern regions of Chile and many other temperate regions of the world. The selection of cold stress resistance genotypes is an important step for breeding cultivars to improve the clover growth curve and extend the grazing season in early spring and autumn. The objective of this work was to phenotypically characterize a population of 192 white clover genotypes selected for cold stress resistance under three contrasting regional winter‐cold conditions (mean daily minimum air temperatures of 2.5, 1.6, and −1.4°C) during the coldest month. An α‐lattice experimental field design was used, with 24 incomplete blocks and two replicates. Morphological, physiological and biochemical traits were evaluated at different dates over three growing seasons from 2013 to 2016. A high degree of variability was found among the genotypes for all the characteristics studied. There was no effect of environment when the experimental sites were considered as a source of variation, but comparison of measurements taken at dates separated by a winter showed that there was a decrease in stolon length and diameter, petiole length, leaflet size, and dry matter accumulation in response to cold conditions. The normalized difference and medium resolution imaging spectrometer terrestrial chlorophyll vegetation indices (NDVI and MTCI, respectively) and water‐soluble carbohydrate concentrations in stolons also varied among genotypes and were affected by winter cold. The high degree of phenotypic variability allows for the use of this population as a genetic source for cold stress resistance in white clover.

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Section: Geographic Location Of the Collection Site Of The 28 Naturalmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic Variation of Cold Stress Resistance‐Related Traits of White Clover Populations Naturalized in Patagonian Cold Environments

2018

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“…This experiment was part of a larger experiment on overwintering and spring growth of white clover (Wachendorf et al, 2001). In Experiment 2, the two white clover cultivars (A, G) were sown and in Experiment 3, perennial ryegrass monocultures (H and B).…”

Section: Experimental Site Design and Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On 7 May, two cores of 1 dm 2 and 10 cm depth were taken from each plot, core size conforming to a common protocol described by Wachendorf et al (2001). Tiller numbers of perennial ryegrass, white clover seedlings and other plants were determined.…”

Section: Seedling Measurementsmentioning

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Effects of white clover cultivar and companion grass on winter survival of seedlings in autumn‐sown swards

Elgersma

Schlepers

2003

Grass and Forage Science

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The aim was to study the effects of white clover cultivar and combinations with perennial ryegrass cultivars on seedling establishment in autumn‐sown swards and on winter survival of seedlings. Large‐leaved white clover cv. Alice and small‐leaved white clover cv. Gwenda, and an erect and a prostrate perennial ryegrass cultivar were sown in autumn in pure stands and as four binary grass‐clover mixtures. Mixtures of white clover cv. Huia and Aberherald with perennial ryegrass were also sown. Companion grasses had no significant impact on the establishment of white clover. The number of seedlings of white clover cv. Alice in mixtures (335 m−2) was higher than cv. Gwenda (183 m−2) and pure swards had similar white clover population densities as mixed swards. White clover cv. Huia tended to have more seedlings than Aberherald (355 and 205 m−2 respectively). No stolons were produced prior to a severe winter, because of the late sowing date. Winter survival of clover seedlings was 0·56 in mixtures and 0·69 in pure stands, irrespective of white clover or companion grass cultivar. Stolon development of white clover in autumn is often considered essential for overwintering survival and spring growth. In this study, there was considerable survival of the non‐stoloniferous tap‐rooted seedlings of all four clover cultivars despite a severe winter.

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Overwintering and Growing Season Dynamics of Trifolium repens L. in Mixture with Lolium perenne L.: A Model Approach to Plant-environment Interactions

et al. 2001

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In attempting to increase the reliability of clover contribution in clover/ryegrass systems it is important to understand the roles of (1) specific traits of the clover genotype (2) climate and (3) their interactions in determining clover behaviour in swards. Overwintering and spring growth of white clover (cultivars AberHerald and Huia) grown in binary mixtures with perennial ryegrass were measured at 12 European sites ranging in latitude from Reykjavik, Iceland (64o30 ' N) to Pordenone, Italy (46°30 ' N). In the overwintering period, tiller density of the grass was assessed and detailed morphological and chemical measurements were made on the clover at each sampling time. During the growing season, the clover contribution to total available biomass was recorded. Detailed climatic data were available at all sites. The annual growth cycle of swards was divided into four functional periods (spring, summer, autumn and winter). Within each functional period community responses were modelled. The models incorporated independent biotic variables characterizing each community within each site at the start of the period and independent variables characterizing the climate at each site during the period. The models were linked dynamically by taking, as response variable(s) for a functional period, the independent biotic variable(s) of the succeeding period. In general, the modelling strategy was successful in producing a series of biologically meaningful linked models. Essential prerequisites for this were (a) the establishment of a well-devised common protocol prior to the experiment and (b) the extensive gradients of climatic and other variables obtained by using numerous sites. AberHerald generally performed as well as, or better than, Huia throughout the annual cycle across the range of climatic conditions encountered, and especially under low temperature conditions in winter and autumn. Clover leaf area index appeared to be a key variable in determining clover performance over winter and through the following growing season. Grass tiller density had a strong negative effect on clover content in spring but only at low temperatures. This emphasizes the importance of a high clover leaf area index in autumn as the main biotic factor related to spring clover content in milder conditions. The importance of climatic variables in the models is their use in explaining the reliability of the contribution of clover in clover/ryegrass systems. Temperature was the primary climatic determinant of clover response in all periods, having a direct effect on clover content and leaf area index or mediating the effect of the associate species. Radiation strongly influenced clover dynamics during winter and spring but not in the other periods, possibly because it was confounded with the effect of higher temperature. Precipitation was positively related to clover growth during spring and autumn and was related to tiller density in a complex manner during autumn and winter.

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Overwintering of Trifolium repens L. and Succeeding Growth: Results from a Common Protocol carried out at Twelve European Sites

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Phenotypic Variation of Cold Stress Resistance‐Related Traits of White Clover Populations Naturalized in Patagonian Cold Environments

Phenotypic Variation of Cold Stress Resistance‐Related Traits of White Clover Populations Naturalized in Patagonian Cold Environments

Effects of white clover cultivar and companion grass on winter survival of seedlings in autumn‐sown swards

Overwintering and Growing Season Dynamics of Trifolium repens L. in Mixture with Lolium perenne L.: A Model Approach to Plant-environment Interactions

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