Overwintering of Invertebrates in a Shallow Northern Swedish Lake

Danell, Kjell

doi:10.1002/iroh.19810660606

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…storai larvae were found in cocoons. Asellus aquaticus, on the other hand, seems to suffer from freezing effects because it has low spring values nearly everywhere in the regulation zone (Table lo), in agreement with other reports of its low freezing tolerance (DANELL, 1981;KOSKENNIEMI and SEVOLA, 1989). Oxygen depletion in near-bottom water during the winter draw down seems to be especially harmful to Asellus, whereas it is the most tolerant macrocrustacean species with respect to low pH, and it is found in natural lakes and reservoirs with low pH values (MOSSBERG and NYBERG, 1979;PAASIVIRTA and KOSKENNIEMI, 1980; RUP- PRECHT, 1992).…”

Section: Environmental Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Many species of Chironomus, Endochironomus and Glyptotendipes common on organic bottoms of the regulated zone of L. Kyrkosjarvi (shoreline types B and C) are known to tolerate harsh winter conditions. Their larvae can be found in good condition in frozen habitats, and their mass emergence just after the thaw indicates a high survival rate against winter conditions (DANELL, 1981;KOSKENNIEMI and SEVOLA, 1989;PAASIVIRTA and KOSKENNIEMI, 1980;PATERSON and FERNANDO, 1969b). Cocoon formation is common among chironomid larvae as an adaptive strategy to stressful periods (for references see WIGGINS et al, 1980, p. 133).…”

Section: Environmental Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Colonization, Succession and Environmental Conditions of the Macrozoobenthos in a Regulated, Polyhumic Reservoir, Western Finland

Koskenniemi¹

1994

Intl Review of Hydrobiology

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The colonization and succession of the macrozoobenthos in a polyhumic, winter‐regulated reservoir, Lake Kyrkösjärvi in Western Finland (62° 45′N, 22°48′E, A = 6.4 km2 at summer HW, zmean = 2.5 m and zmax = 7 m) was studied from its filling in 1981 until 1989 (in 1981–83, 1986 and 1989). The zoobenthos was sampled over the whole reservoir bottom using qualitative and quantitative methods during three open‐water seasons and winter samples were taken in the regulated and submerged areas during the maximum draw down (2 m) in March‐April. Colonization during the first summer revealed two phases. The first phase featured dominance of actively swimming and adult‐dispersing taxa. The second phase was characterized by a mass occurence (high abundance and biomass) of chironomids (Chironomus, Glyptotendipes) and the isopod Asellus aquaticus. Asellus originated in a small bog pond in the northern outlet basin, and it was the dominant zoobenthic species during the study period. The species of Chironomus, most of them pool inhabitants of natural waters, succeeded each other. In the later study years, when the zoobenthos at the sites was determined more by habitat (spatially) than by the succession (temporally), the reservoir bottom could be divided into three areas: a) deep areas, ≧3 m, with an increasing occurrence of lacustrine species (eutrophic or dystrophic), b) shallower organic bottoms, ≦ 2 m, with many pool‐inhabiting and eurytopic species, and c) some eroded areas in the shallow littoral, ≦ 0.5 m, where lacustrine species became common. Water‐level regulation in winter killed only a small proportion of the fauna in the organic‐rich peatland and forest bottom areas representing the majority of the regulated zone. Hence, the regulated areas had almost everywhere high abundance and biomass values throughout the year, deviating from the results found by other authors in strongly regulated lakes, which have maximum values just below the draw down limit.

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Section: Environmental Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Environmental Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colonization, Succession and Environmental Conditions of the Macrozoobenthos in a Regulated, Polyhumic Reservoir, Western Finland

Koskenniemi¹

1994

Intl Review of Hydrobiology

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“…Moreover, the larvae may leave them again after the coldest period of winter (compare Danks and Jones 1978, Table 2). Such cocoons were also commonly encountered in a lake by Danell (1981) and in a river by Olsson (1981Olsson ( , 1982, although Andrews and Rigler (1985) found that only one of the chironomid species overwintering in a high-Arctic lake, Chaetocladius sp., made winter cocoons. Winter cocoons are tightly applied to the bodies of the larvae, which are folded up within the cocoons in ways characteristic of each species (review by Danks 1971b;Madder et al 1977;Danks and Jones 1978).…”

Section: Surviving the Wintermentioning

confidence: 90%

How aquatic insects live in cold climates

Danks¹

2007

Can Entomol

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In cold climates most aquatic habitats are frozen for many months. Nevertheless, even in such regions the conditions in different types of habitat, in different parts of one habitat, and from one year to the next can vary considerably; some water bodies even allow winter growth. Winter cold and ice provide challenges for aquatic insects, but so do high spring flows, short, cool summers, and unpredictable conditions. General adaptations to cope with these constraints, depending on species and habitat, include the use of widely available foods, increased food range, prolonged development (including development lasting more than one year per generation), programmed life cycles with diapause and other responses to environmental cues (often enforcing strict univoltinism), and staggered development. Winter conditions may be anticipated not only by diapause and related responses but also by movement for the winter to terrestrial habitats, to less severe aquatic habitats, or to different parts of the same habitat, and by construction of shelters. Winter itself is met by various types of cold hardiness, including tolerance of freezing in at least some species, especially chironomid midges, and supercooling even when surrounded by ice in others. Special cocoons provide protection in some species. A few species move during winter or resist anoxia beneath ice. Spring challenges of high flows and ice scour may be withstood or avoided by wintering in less severe habitats, penetrating the substrate, or delaying activity until after peak flow. However, where possible species emerge early in the spring to compensate for the shortness of the summer season, a trait enhanced (at least in some lentic habitats) by choosing overwintering sites that warm up first in spring. Relatively low summer temperatures are offset by development at low temperatures, by selection of warm habitats and microhabitats, and in adults by thermoregulation and modified mating activity. Notwithstanding the many abiotic constraints in cold climates, aquatic communities are relatively diverse, though dominated by taxa that combine traits such as cold adaptation with use of the habitats and foods that are most widely available and most favourable. Consequently, except in the most severe habitats, food chains and community structure are complex even at high latitudes and elevations, including many links between aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Despite the complex involvement of aquatic insects in these cold-climate ecosystems, we know relatively little about the physiological and biochemical basis of their cold hardiness and its relationship to habitat conditions, especially compared with information about terrestrial species from the same regions.

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“…Invertebrate larvae from boreal and subarctic regions typically show adaptations for overwintering and include migration to more suitable habitats or ability to freeze solid in the ice (Danell 1981, Danks 2007. Despite these potential adaptations, the invertebrate community in the upper littoral habitat is highly affected by the ice conditions (Koskenniemi 1994), with invertebrate abundances reduced by 90% from autumn to the following spring (Danell 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in functional trait composition of benthic invertebrates across depths and seasons in a subarctic lake

Frainer¹,

Johansen²,

Siwertsson³

et al. 2016

fal

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Benthic invertebrate communities play a fundamental role in lake ecosystems, and the understanding of how those benthic communities are structured, particularly in terms of the identity and spatiotemporal distribution of their functional traits, is key to our understanding of how lake ecosystems work. In Takvatn, a subarctic lake in northern Norway, we identified the taxonomic and functional identity of the species characterizing benthic communities across three seasons and six different depths. Invertebrates were sampled using vacuum pump and Eckman grab and analysed using multivariate analyses. Despite the relative low species richness, we found large spatial and temporal variation in species functional composition. The upper littoral habitat shifted from a community characterized by particle gathers and algal scrapers in spring and summer, to a community largely characterized by leaf shredders in autumn. The deeper habitats showed high variation in their taxonomic composition, but a stable composition of functional traits throughout all seasons. In all seasons and habitats, gathering traits were the most common feeding traits within the benthic community. There was also high relative occurrence of predator traits towards the deeper areas of the littoral zone, as well as in the sub-littoral and profundal habitats. This result is in accordance with the low densities of other benthic top predators (e.g. fish) feeding in the deeper habitats of Takvatn. In conclusion, our study demonstrates large spatio-temporal differences in functional diversity and composition of the benthic invertebrates in Takvatn.

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Overwintering of Invertebrates in a Shallow Northern Swedish Lake

Cited by 16 publications

References 1 publication

Colonization, Succession and Environmental Conditions of the Macrozoobenthos in a Regulated, Polyhumic Reservoir, Western Finland

Colonization, Succession and Environmental Conditions of the Macrozoobenthos in a Regulated, Polyhumic Reservoir, Western Finland

How aquatic insects live in cold climates

Variation in functional trait composition of benthic invertebrates across depths and seasons in a subarctic lake

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