Overwintering in six arable aphid pests: a review with particular relevance to pest management

Leather, Simon R.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0418.1993.tb01192.x

Cited by 48 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 85 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Host use by the main parasitoid genus Aphidius in simple landscapes included larger proportions of Metopolophium, whose relative abundances increased while those of Sitobion decreased, resulting in more evenly distributed aphid species in simple landscapes. Landscape structural complexity is positively correlated with percentage of grassland (in our region and at the spatial scale we used for analysis, see [37,54]), and habitats such as grassland may provide a good source for colonization of cereals by grass-hibernating aphid species S. avenae [23,55]. Furthermore, the landscape complexity gradient had no influence on the mean number of consumers per host species (vulnerability), partly because of the absence of significant differences in parasitoid richness and in their relative abundances among landscapes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food web structure and biocontrol in a four-trophic level system across a landscape complexity gradient

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Decline in landscape complexity owing to agricultural intensification may affect biodiversity, food web complexity and associated ecological processes such as biological control, but such relationships are poorly understood. Here, we analysed food webs of cereal aphids, their primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids in 18 agricultural landscapes differing in structural complexity (42 -93% arable land). Despite little variation in the richness of each trophic group, we found considerable changes in trophic link properties across the landscape complexity gradient. Unexpectedly, aphid -parasitoid food webs exhibited a lower complexity (lower linkage density, interaction diversity and generality) in structurally complex landscapes, which was related to the dominance of one aphid species in complex landscapes. Nevertheless, primary parasitism, as well as hyperparasitism, was higher in complex landscapes, with primary parasitism reaching levels for potentially successful biological control. In conclusion, landscape complexity appeared to foster higher parasitism rates, but simpler food webs, thereby casting doubt on the general importance of food web complexity for ecosystem functioning.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food web structure and biocontrol in a four-trophic level system across a landscape complexity gradient

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Progressive increases in SCPs were exhibited with increasing age in three aphid species, A. pisum, M. crassicauda and A. solani, as reported for another aphid species (O'Doherty and Bale, 1985;Leather, 1993). However, the SCPs of holocyclic clones in the three aphid species were not very different from those of anholocyclic clones at the same developmental stages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Both nymphs and adults of A. pisum were the most resistant and those of M. crassicauda were the least resistant to subzero temperatures. It is known that the ability of aphids to survive cold varies with species and strain (Leather, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold hardiness of three aphid species, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Megoura crassicauda and Aulacorthum solani (Hemiptera: Aphididae).

Asai

Yoshida

Honda

et al. 2002

Appl. Entomol. Zool.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The cold hardiness of three aphid species, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aulacorthum solani and Megoura crassicauda, was investigated using the active stages of holocyclic and anholocyclic clones. Although a progressive increase of supercooling points (SCPs) was exhibited with increasing age in the three aphid species, little variation in the SCPs was observed among the species at the same developmental stages. However, the survival rate at a prefreeze temperature of Ϫ10°C differed among the three aphid species. The survival rate of both nymphs and adults of M. crassicauda was the lowest and that of A. pisum the highest. At Ϫ10°C, the survival rate of fourth-stadium nymphs of A. pisum reared at 15°C under a short photoperiod (10L : 14D) was higher than that of the same stadium nymphs reared at 20°C under a long photoperiod (16L : 8D), but there was no significant difference in the survival rate between the holocyclic and anholocyclic clones reared under the same conditions. These results indicate that nymphs and adults of both holocyclic and anholocyclic clones have insufficient cold hardiness to survive the severe winter in the northern parts of Japan. Furthermore, the distribution of the two life cycle clones of M. crassicauda in Japan was estimated from the different levels of cold hardiness among the three aphid species.

show abstract

“…This is an important consideration as cold winters cause greater mortality to those aphids that overwinter anholocyclically (i.e. not as eggs, but as adults or immature stages) than to those that overwinter as eggs (holocyclically) (Leather 1993;Cocu et al 2005). In addition, they then attempted to explain some of the variability found in the observed phenological patterns by taking into account life cycle type, that is whether host-alternating (heteroecious; approximately 10% of aphids are heteroecious) or non-host-alternating (monoecious).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Onwards and upwards – aphid flight trends follow climate change

Leather

2014

Journal of Animal Ecology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Onwards and upwards -aphid flight trends follow climate changeTwo aphid species with contrasting life cycles and responses to climate change. On the right Utamphorophora humboldti, an invasive species from North America (Blackman & Eastop 2000), where it is host alternating, but in the United Kingdom is almost certainly anholocyclic (continuously parthenogenetic) on grasses. This species has shown the most dramatic advance in flight phenology and has shown the largest population increases. The maple aphid, Periphyllus testudinaceus, on the left, here pictured on horse chestnut, Aesculus hippocastanum, is a native non-host-alternating ant-attended species (Blackman & Eastop 1994) and has a contracting flight season.In Focus: Bell, J.R., Alderson, L., Izera, D., Kruger, T., Parker, S., Pickup, J., Shortall, C.R., Taylor The world faces an uncertain future; climate change and the concerns about the security of food production feature prominently on political and scientific agendas world-wide. In this issue, Bell et al. (2015), drawing on the unique 50-year data set amassed by the suction trap network run by the Rothamsted Insect Survey (RIS), elucidate the mechanisms advancing aphid phenology under climate change and show how by using biological traits we can make predictions about emerging crop pests. Here, I discuss their findings in the context of phenological coincidence and host plant availability.

show abstract

Overwintering in six arable aphid pests: a review with particular relevance to pest management

Cited by 48 publications

References 85 publications

Food web structure and biocontrol in a four-trophic level system across a landscape complexity gradient

Food web structure and biocontrol in a four-trophic level system across a landscape complexity gradient

Cold hardiness of three aphid species, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Megoura crassicauda and Aulacorthum solani (Hemiptera: Aphididae).

Onwards and upwards – aphid flight trends follow climate change

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About