Overwinter Survival of Wild Fingerling Brook Trout in Lawrence Creek, Wisconsin

Hunt, Robert L.

doi:10.1139/f69-138

Cited by 134 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This seasonal depletion pattern has been reported for other fishes (Reimers 1963, Hunt 1969, Post & Evans 1989, Thompson et al 1991 and demonstrates the importance of lipid reserves for fueling routine metabolism during winter. In the presence of food, both cohorts appeared to selectively deplete lipid reserves rather than to maintain or synthesize new lipids.…”

Section: Lipid Storage Patterns: Spring Vs Summer Cohortsupporting

confidence: 77%

Overwintering ability of young-of-the-year bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix: effect of ration and cohort of origin on survival

Slater¹,

Lankford²,

Buckel³

2007

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix have experienced declines in recruitment and adult abundance along the US East Coast since the mid-1980s. At the onset of winter, young-of-the-year (YOY) bluefish exhibit a multimodal size distribution including larger, spring-spawned fish (spring cohort) and smaller, summer-spawned fish (summer cohort). Declines in the adult stock appear to coincide with declines in recruitment success of the summer cohort. We investigated the hypothesis that poor recruitment success of the summer cohort results from size-selective winter mortality. Winter mesocosm experiments were conducted to examine the effects of cohort of origin (spring vs. summer) and food availability (fed vs. unfed) on winter survival of YOY bluefish. Spring fish entered winter with significantly greater lipid reserves than summer fish. When fed, both cohorts stored lipids during late fall, depleted lipid reserves during winter, and experienced high overwinter survival. When starved, both cohorts mobilized lipids from multiple depots (liver, viscera, white muscle, red muscle, skin) and summer fish experienced starvation mortality ~6 wk prior to spring fish. Although summer fish were more susceptible to winter starvation than spring fish, their starvation endurance (> 90% survival probability after 120 d) appeared more than adequate to survive natural winter conditions. Interestingly, spring fish suffered a brief mortality event during January when water temperatures dropped briefly below 6°C, suggesting that larger individuals are less tolerant of acute cold stress. The remarkable starvation endurance of summer-spawned bluefish, coupled with their capacity for rapid lipid storage during fall and reduced rates of lipid depletion at low temperatures, implies that members of this cohort are physiologically well-equipped to survive their first winter of life. Our findings are inconsistent with the hypothesis that winter starvation accounts for decreased recruitment of the summer cohort to the western Atlantic stock.

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Section: Lipid Storage Patterns: Spring Vs Summer Cohortsupporting

confidence: 77%

Overwintering ability of young-of-the-year bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix: effect of ration and cohort of origin on survival

Slater¹,

Lankford²,

Buckel³

2007

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Such a disadvantage in body size can have consequences at later selective episodes. For instance, because mass-specific energy content of juveniles increases with body size (e.g., Berg and Bremset 1998), smaller and later-emerging juveniles may experience higher winter mortality due to energy depletion than earlier-emerging juveniles (Hunt 1969;Cargnelli and Gross 1997;Hurst and Conover 1998;Schultz et al 1998). Moreover, within-cohort size differences may amplify over time due to growth depensation (Purdom 1974;Jobling 1985), eventually influencing life-history traits such as precocious maturation and age at seaward migration (Thorpe et al 1983;Thorpe 1989;Wright et al 1990;Jonsson and Jonsson 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection Against Late Emergence and Small Offspring in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar)

2000

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Abstract. Timing of breeding and offspring size are maternal traits that may influence offspring competitive ability, dispersal, foraging, and vulnerability to predation and climatic conditions. To quantify the extent to which these maternal traits may ultimately affect an organism's fitness, we undertook laboratory and field experiments with Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). To control for confounding effects caused by correlated traits, manipulations of the timing of fertilization combined with intraclutch comparisons were used. In the wild, a total of 1462 juveniles were marked at emergence from gravel nests. Recapture rates suggest that up to 83.5% mortality occurred during the first four months after emergence from the gravel nests, with the majority (67.5%) occurring during the initial period ending 17 days after median emergence. Moreover, the mortality was selective during this initial period, resulting in a significant phenotypic shift toward an earlier date of and an increased length at emergence. However, no significant selection differentials were detected thereafter, indicating that the critical episode of selection had occurred at emergence. Furthermore, standardized selection gradients indicated that selection was more intense on date of than on body size at emergence. Timing of emergence had additional consequences in terms of juvenile body size. Late-emerging juveniles were smaller than early-emerging ones at subsequent samplings, both in the wild and in parallel experiments conducted in seminatural stream channels, and this may affect success at subsequent size-selective episodes, such as winter mortality and reproduction. Finally, our findings also suggest that egg size had fitness consequences independent of the effects of emergence time that directly affected body size at emergence and, in turn, survival and size at later life stages. The causality of the maternal effects observed in the present study supports the hypothesis that selection on juvenile traits may play an important role in the evolution of maternal traits in natural populations.

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“…The positive influence of total phosphorus on survival of brown trout from age 0 to age 1 (Table 6) may reflect increased food availability for age-0 fish that subsequently enabled them to be in better condition before winter. Hunt (1969) observed that overwinter survival of fingerling brook trout in a Wisconsin stream generally increased when fingerlings were large. Brown trout from more fertile streams grew faster, became sexually mature earlier, exhibited higher fecundity at a given age and produced larger eggs than trout from less fertile systems (McFadden et al 1965).…”

Section: Local Influences On Population Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Influences on Brown Trout and Brook Trout Population Dynamics in a Michigan River

Zorn

Nuhfer

2007

Trans Am Fish Soc

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Abstract.-Understanding the influences of local and regional processes on the dynamics of self-sustaining trout populations would help fishery biologists better manage trout populations and protect rivers supporting trout. We explored hypotheses behind long-term temporal variation in density, growth, and survival of brown trout Salmo trutta and brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis using data collected over several decades on Michigan's Au Sable River. Regression models developed for these species emphasized the influence of yearclass strength on older age-classes, year-class strength being positively related to spawner abundance for both species and negatively related to high spring streamflow conditions for brown trout. Age-class density was also positively associated with high levels of large woody debris (LWD) in streams. Annual growth increments of brown trout and brook trout were often negatively related to increased age-class density and LWD and positively affected by elevated total phosphorus levels, cool summers, and warm winters. Annual survival of trout from age 0 to age 4 was negatively related to intra-and interspecific age-class density, and in three of seven models, positively associated with levels of LWD. Our findings emphasize the importance of year-class strength to trout population dynamics as well as the need to include collection of regional-and local-scale habitat data in studies of trout population dynamics.

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Overwinter Survival of Wild Fingerling Brook Trout in Lawrence Creek, Wisconsin

Cited by 134 publications

References 3 publications

Overwintering ability of young-of-the-year bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix: effect of ration and cohort of origin on survival

Overwintering ability of young-of-the-year bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix: effect of ration and cohort of origin on survival

Selection Against Late Emergence and Small Offspring in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar)

Influences on Brown Trout and Brook Trout Population Dynamics in a Michigan River

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