Overwinter Mortality of Fingerling Smallmouth Bass in Relation to Size, Relative Energy Stores, and Environmental Temperature

Oliver, J. Douglas; Holeton, George F.; Chua, K. E.

doi:10.1577/1548-8659(1979)108<130:omofsb>2.0.co;2

Cited by 245 publications

(207 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The relatively rapid increase in length observed for bay anchovies in this study may enable this fish to gain sufficient pre-winter energy stores coupled with a lower weight-specific metabolic rate (Oliver et al 1979, Shuter & Post 1990. Also, since muscle tissue has been indicated as the major energystorage site of the bay anchovy (Wang & Houde 1994), allocation to lean tissue may provide a necessary baseline of energy storage for this fish.…”

Section: Morphometricsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Bay anchovy Anchoa mitchilli in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island. I. Population structure, growth and mortality

Lapolla¹

2001

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Population structure, growth and mortality of Anchoa mitchilli were evaluated in Narragansett Bay (Rhode Island, USA), an estuary near the northern extent of this species' broad latitudinal range. The Narragansett Bay population was dominated by young fish (Age 1 and young-ofthe-year, YOY); no fish were found to have survived a third winter. Growth rates were rapid, particularly during the first year of life, and annual mortality rates were estimated at > 90%. A von Bertalanffy growth model fit to length-at-age data yielded parameters of asymptotic length L ∞ = 89.97, growth coefficient K = 1.15 and age at zero length t 0 = -0.31. Comparison of my results to those of an earlier study from Chesapeake Bay suggests that Narragansett Bay anchovies grow more rapidly during the first year of life, and subsequently attain a greater length-at-age, than their conspecifics at lower latitudes. Latitudinal differences are also indicated by comparison of the weightlength relationships and Fulton's condition factors of Narragansett Bay and Chesapeake Bay data. Narragansett Bay fish seem to be allocating energy preferentially to length versus weight compared to fish in Chesapeake Bay, which may be a reflection of this species' growth strategy at this latitude.

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Section: Morphometricsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Bay anchovy Anchoa mitchilli in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island. I. Population structure, growth and mortality

Lapolla¹

2001

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Another presumed ecological advantage that the larger, earlier-spawned young-ofyear smallmouth bass have is that by attaining a larger size these fish are more prepared for the rigors of over-winter survival, a period of time when little feeding occurs (Oliver et al 1979, Shuter et al 1980. Shuter et al (1 980) demonstrated through modeling and in laboratory studies that smallmouth bass survival to later year classes is contingent on growing large enough by their first fall to sustain them through the winter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The largest males spawn first (Ridgway et al 1991), procuring larger broods, which presumably results in better survival and fitness for offspring (Wiegmann et al 1992). It is also presumed that producing eggs earlier confers greater fitness to offspring because earlier-spawned individuals can attain greater size during the growing season by acquiring more food and can reduce size-dependent mortality (Oliver et al 1979, Latto 1992, Ludson and DeVries 1997. Because mortality of young-of-year smallmouth bass can exceed 95% by early fall (Frey et al 2003), increased growth of earlier-spawned young-of-year is believed to translate into increased survival.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also presumed that producing eggs earlier confers greater fitness to offspring because earlier-spawned individuals can attain greater size during the growing season by acquiring more food and can reduce size-dependent mortality (Oliver et al 1979, Latto 1992, Ludson and DeVries 1997. Because mortality of young-of-year smallmouth bass can exceed 95% by early fall (Frey et al 2003), increased growth of earlier-spawned young-of-year is believed to translate into increased survival.Another presumed ecological advantage that the larger, earlier-spawned young-ofyear smallmouth bass have is that by attaining a larger size these fish are more prepared for the rigors of over-winter survival, a period of time when little feeding occurs (Oliver et al 1979, Shuter et al 1980. Shuter et al (1 980) demonstrated through modeling and in laboratory studies that smallmouth bass survival to later year classes is contingent on growing large enough by their first fall to sustain them through the winter.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anomalous Spawning of Smallmouth Bass in Nebish Lake, Wisconsin: Implications for Early Spawning and Over-Winter Survival

Brown

Bozek

2010

Journal of Freshwater Ecology

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We observed that the smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) population in Nebish Lake, Wisconsin spawned twice-once during the traditional spring period and then again in summer, well beyond the typical spawning season for north-temperate lakes. We documented this anomalous spawning behavior and compared the characteristics of smallmouth bass nests built during the two distinct spawning seasons. Smallmouth bass built 463 nests (1 10.2 n e s t s h shoreline) as water temperature was rising toward 20°C. During the summer spawning period, 24 nests (5.7 nestslkm shoreline) were constructed between 1 1 August and 29 August as water temperature was falling. Nests built in summer were significantly farther from shore, in deeper water, farther from cover, larger in diameter, and built by larger males than in the spring. INTRODUCTIONThe smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) has adapted to life in northtemperate lakes by adopting a spring spawning behavior. Rising spring water temperature triggers nest building by males, usually in shallow, gravel areas, and often associated with physical cover to increase survival on nests (Hubbs and Bailey 1938, Scott and Crossman 1973, Baylis et al. 1993). The largest males spawn first (Ridgway et al. 1991), procuring larger broods, which presumably results in better survival and fitness for offspring (Wiegmann et al. 1992). It is also presumed that producing eggs earlier confers greater fitness to offspring because earlier-spawned individuals can attain greater size during the growing season by acquiring more food and can reduce size-dependent mortality (Oliver et al. 1979, Latto 1992, Ludson and DeVries 1997. Because mortality of young-of-year smallmouth bass can exceed 95% by early fall (Frey et al. 2003), increased growth of earlier-spawned young-of-year is believed to translate into increased survival.Another presumed ecological advantage that the larger, earlier-spawned young-ofyear smallmouth bass have is that by attaining a larger size these fish are more prepared for the rigors of over-winter survival, a period of time when little feeding occurs (Oliver et al. 1979, Shuter et al. 1980. Shuter et al. (1 980) demonstrated through modeling and in laboratory studies that smallmouth bass survival to later year classes is contingent on growing large enough by their first fall to sustain them through the winter. They also used this work to explain the northern limit of smallmouth bass distribution. Lakes north of the 16.6"C mean July air temperature isotherm generally had lower over-winter survival because young-of-year were not able to acquire enough lipid stores during the short growing season. They concluded that smallmouth bass cannot become established in lakes with successive winter-induced year-class failures.It seems logical from a bioenergetics standpoint that spring-spawned fish should survive best and production of these individuals should regulate future year classes and

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“…For young fish, winter mortality is often the result of starvation, predation, or osmoregulatory failure (Toneys and Coble 1979;Miranda and Hubbard 1994). Significant lipid losses, a consequence of starvation, during winter have been documented in sand smelt Atherina boyeri (Henderson et al 1988), smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu (Oliver and Holeton 1979), largemouth bass M. salmoides (Ludsin and DeVries 1997) Colorado pikeminnow Ptychocheilus lucius (Thompson et al 1991), and many other species. Lipid loss in age-0 fish, owing to their high metabolic demands, may be so severe as to cause mortality (Shuter and Post 1990).…”

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confidence: 99%

Winter Ecology of Kokanee: Implications for Salmon Management

Steinhart

Wurtsbaugh

2003

Trans Am Fish Soc

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Abstract.-We sampled various limnological parameters and measured growth and diet of age-0 kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka (lacustrine sockeye salmon) during two winters in a high-mountain lake of the Sawtooth Valley, Idaho. Although winter has been recognized as an important period for many warmwater fishes and for stream-dwelling salmonids, winter limitations have only recently been studied for coolwater and coldwater species. Ice and snow cover in winter limited light penetration. As a result, chlorophyll-a and zooplankton density were lower in ice-covered periods than during ice-free periods. The weight of stomach contents was often below a maintenance ration, yet the incidence of empty stomachs was extremely low (1 of 63) and the weight of stomach contents increased as energy reserves declined, indicating that kokanee were actively foraging during winter. Kokanee length and weight remained constant during the winter of 1993-1994 but increased from November through May in 1994-1995. Condition factors, however, declined significantly over the winter in both years, and lipid content approached levels associated with mortality. Differences in growth patterns may have been caused by a combination of changes in zooplankton density and kokanee abundance and in kokanee behavior to defend energy reserves or avoid predation. Results demonstrated the ambiguity of some growth measurements and the importance of choosing the correct metric for measuring growth in fishes. Because juvenile kokanee and sockeye salmon are ecologically similar, management efforts to restore the endangered Snake River sockeye salmon to the Sawtooth Valley lakes should recognize that winter conditions might be a bottleneck for this species.

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Overwinter Mortality of Fingerling Smallmouth Bass in Relation to Size, Relative Energy Stores, and Environmental Temperature

Cited by 245 publications

References 7 publications

Bay anchovy Anchoa mitchilli in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island. I. Population structure, growth and mortality

Bay anchovy Anchoa mitchilli in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island. I. Population structure, growth and mortality

Anomalous Spawning of Smallmouth Bass in Nebish Lake, Wisconsin: Implications for Early Spawning and Over-Winter Survival

Winter Ecology of Kokanee: Implications for Salmon Management

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