Overweight, obesity, and cancer risk

Bianchini, Franca; Kaaks, Rudolf; Vainio, Harri

doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(02)00849-5

Cited by 803 publications

(548 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…1,2 Between 1990 and 2000, the prevalence of morbid obesity increased from 0.78 to 2.2%, representing a total of over 4.8 million morbidly obese US adults in the year 2000. 3 Morbid obesity is associated with a substantially increased risk of morbidity and mortality from chronic health conditions, such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, [4][5][6][7][8][9] and it has been linked to multidimensional impairments in health-related quality of life and psychosocial well-being. 10,11 Several articles have examined the impact of obesity, broadly defined as BMI Z30 kg/m 2 , on medical expenditures in the United States.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of morbid obesity on medical expenditures in adults

2005

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CONTEXT: Morbid obesity (body mass index (BMI) Z40 kg/m 2 ) is associated with substantially increased morbidity and mortality from chronic health conditions and with poorer health-related quality of life; however, less is known about the impact of morbid obesity on healthcare expenditures. OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of morbid obesity on healthcare expenditures using a nationally representative sample of US adults. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 16 262 adults from the 2000 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, a nationally representative survey of the noninstitutionalized civilian population of the United States. Per capita healthcare expenditures were calculated for National Institutes of Health BMI categories, based on self-reported height and weight, using a two-part, multivariable model adjusted for age, gender, race, income, education level, type of health insurance, marital status, and smoking status. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Odds of incurring any healthcare expenditure and per capita healthcare expenditures associated with morbid obesity in 2000. RESULTS: When compared with normal-weight adults, the odds of incurring any healthcare expenditure in 2000 were two-fold greater among adults with morbid obesity. Per capita healthcare expenditures for morbidly obese adults were 81% (95% confidence interval (CI): 48-121%) greater than normal-weight adults, 65% (95% CI: 37-110%) greater than overweight adults, and 47% (95% CI: 11-96%) greater than adults with class I obesity. Excess costs among morbidly obese adults resulted from greater expenditures for office-based visits, outpatient hospital care, in-patient care, and prescription drugs. Aggregate US healthcare expenditures associated with excess body weight among morbidly obese US adults exceeded $11 billion in 2000. CONCLUSIONS: The economic burden of morbid obesity among US adults is substantial. Further research is needed to identify interventions to reduce the incidence and prevalence of morbid obesity and improve the health and economic outcomes of morbidly obese adults.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of morbid obesity on medical expenditures in adults

2005

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“…Overweight and obesity are major causes of metabolic, cardiovascular, neoplastic, digestive tract and several other major diseases, and consequently of premature mortality (Calle et al, 1999(Calle et al, , 2003Bianchini et al, 2002;Kenchaiah et al, 2002;Adami and Trichopoulos, 2003;Hedley et al, 2004;Flegal et al, 2005;McGee, 2005). Over the last few decades, overweight has been increasing in several developed, but also developing, countries, including the USA Flegal et al, 2002Flegal et al, , 2004aFreedman et al, 2002;Manson and Bassuk, 2003;Chopra and DarntonHill, 2004;Olshansky et al, 2005), Canada (Katzmarzyk, 2002), the Pacific countries (WHO, 2003), Australia, China and several Western European countries (Silventoinen et al, 2004), including Spain (Rodriguez Artalejo et al, 2002;Martinez et al, 2004), Great Britain (Rennie and Jebb, 2005) and Denmark (Bendixen et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overweight and obesity in Italian adults 2004, and an overview of trends since 1983

Gallus

Colombo²,

Scarpino³

et al. 2006

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: Overweight has been increasing in several developed countries over the last few decades. No update information on the issue is available for Italy. Design and setting: We conducted a computer assisted personal in-house interview survey in March-April 2004, on a sample of 2932 Italian individuals (1407 men and 1525 women) aged 18 years or over, representative of the general adult Italian population. Information on weight and height was self-reported. Results: Overall, 3.4% of the Italian adult population were underweight (o18.5 kg/m 2 , 0.9% of men and 5.8% of women), 31.3% were overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m 2 , 38.4% of men, 24.7% of women), and 8.2% were obese (X30.0 kg/m 2 , 7.4% of men and 8.9% of women). Overweight or obesity was reported by 14.2% of subjects aged 18-24 years (20.6% of men and 7.6% of women). The highest proportions of overweight and obese subjects were in the 45-64 year age group for men (51.4% overweight, 10.0% obese) and in the X65 year age group for women (38.8% overweight, 13.8% obese). Age-and sex-standardised prevalence of overweight or obesity was 36.0% for more educated subjects, and 54.0% for less educated ones. It was 32.3% in northern, 44.3% in central and 47.0% in southern Italy. Overweight increased from 1983 to the early 1990s, and levelled off thereafter. Prevalence of obesity remained around 8-9% across the last 20 years. Conclusions: Trends of overweight and obesity in Italy are more favourable than in several developed countries. Still, approximately 15 million of Italian adults are overweight and 4 million obese.

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“…3,4 However, studies examining the influence of obesity and overweight on other malignanciesFprostate, liver, stomach, bladder, lymphoma and leukaemiaFreveal inconclusive findings. [3][4][5] These discrepant results may be explained by variability in definition of obesity and overweight across reports, so complicating comparison; and a failure to adjust for important covariates, such as socioeconomic position 6 and physical activity. 7 Additionally, in cohort studies, the presence of subclinical malignancy at baseline may lead to low body weight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and overweight in relation to organ-specific cancer mortality in London (UK): findings from the original Whitehall study

Batty

Shipley

Jarrett³

et al. 2005

Int J Obes

125

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OBJECTIVE:To examine the relation of obesity and overweight with organ-specific cancer mortality. METHODS: In the Whitehall prospective cohort study of London-based government employees, 18 403 middle-age men participated in a medical examination between 1967 and 1970. Subjects were followed up for cause-specific mortality for up to 35 y (median: interquartile range (25th-75th centile); 28.1 y: 18.6-33.8). RESULTS: There were over 3000 cancer deaths in this cohort. There was a raised risk of mortality from carcinoma of the rectum, bladder, colon, and liver, and for lymphoma in obese or overweight men following adjustment for range of covariates, which included socioeconomic position and physical activity. These relationships held after exclusion of deaths occurring in the first 20 y of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Avoidance of obesity and overweight in adult life may reduce the risk of developing some cancers.

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Overweight, obesity, and cancer risk

Cited by 803 publications

References 61 publications

Impact of morbid obesity on medical expenditures in adults

Impact of morbid obesity on medical expenditures in adults

Overweight and obesity in Italian adults 2004, and an overview of trends since 1983

Obesity and overweight in relation to organ-specific cancer mortality in London (UK): findings from the original Whitehall study

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