Overweight, obese, underweight, and frequency of sugar consumption as risk indicators for early childhood caries in Brazilian preschool children

Ribeiro, Cecília Cláudia Costa; Silva, Mariana Carvalho Batista da; Nunes, Ana Margarida Melo; Thomaz, Erika Bárbara de Abreu Fonseca; Carmo, Cadidja Dayane Sousa do; Ribeiro, Marizélia Rodrigues Costa; Silva, Antônio Augusto Moura da

doi:10.1111/ipd.12292

Cited by 41 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The association between ECC and malnutrition is however, not clear. Although a few studies have found an association between ECC, body mass index (BMI) [11][12][13] and growth failure [14][15][16][17][18], others have found no associations [19][20][21][22]. Also, while large population-based studies found no association between BMI and ECC [19,[23][24][25], a longitudinal study indicated that malnutrition causes ECC [26], ECC causes stunting, and underweights have more ECC [27], ECC and obesity are both risk factors for type 2 diabetes [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Early Childhood Caries And Malnutrition In A Sub-Urban Population In Nigeria

Foláyan¹,

Arije

Tantawi

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background : To determine the association between malnutrition and early childhood caries (ECC) in children resident in sub-urban, Nigeria. Methods : This study is a secondary analysis of a larger cross-sectional data generated through a household survey. Variables (sex, frequency of sugar consumption, maternal knowledge of oral hygiene, oral hygiene status) associated with ECC in the primary study conducted in the Ile-Ife, Nigeria, were adjusted for in the models. We used Poisson regression analysis to determine the association between ECC and malnutrition (stunting, overweight and underweight). We reported the adjusted prevalence ratio (APR). Results: Of the 370 children, 20 (5.41%) were underweight, 20 (5.41%) were overweight, 67 (18.11%) were wasting, 120 (32.43%) were stunted and 18 (4.86%) had ECC. Factors associated with ECC were being stunted, underweight, overweight and fair oral hygiene. The prevalence of ECC was lower in children who were stunted (APR: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.03-0.69; p=0.02), almost seven times higher in children who were overweight (APR: 6.88; 95% CI: 1.83-25.85; p<0.001), and predictively absent in children who were underweight (APR: 0; 95% CI: 0-0; p<0.001) when compared with children who had normal weight. Non-significant risk indicators for ECC included consuming sugar between meals three times a day or more, having low socioeconomic status and being female. Conclusions : For this study population, the indicators of malnutrition – being stunted, underweight, overweight - and fair oral hygiene were risk indicators for ECC, while the frequency of sugar consumption was not a significant risk indicator. Further studies are needed to identify if there are other mediators of associations between ECC and nutrition status apart from sugar consumption.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Early Childhood Caries And Malnutrition In A Sub-Urban Population In Nigeria

Foláyan¹,

Arije

Tantawi

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Another study also demonstrated an association between high maternal body mass index and ECC [Wigen and Wang, 2011]. This association is plausible considering that obesity in children has also been associated with ECC [Prashanth et al, 2011;Ruhaya et al, 2012;Ribeiro et al, 2017]. Furthermore, this association seems to indicate that an obesogenic behavior characterized by high sugar consumption is perpetuated in the family environment, since an increase of waist measures in women has been associated with higher consumption of foods and drinks containing high amounts of added sugars [Cunha et al, 2010].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

<b><i>Streptococcus mutans </i></b>in Mother-Child Dyads and Early Childhood Caries: Examining Factors Underlying Bacterial Colonization

Costa¹,

Costa²,

Santos

et al. 2017

Caries Res

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This study investigated the association between colonization of mother-child dyads with Streptococcus mutans (SM) and early childhood caries (ECC), with consideration of the mediator and confounders, using a theoretical model. Four hundred mothers and their children from São Luís, Brazil, were included in the study. A diagram based on directed acyclic graphs was elaborated to analyze the association between SM colonization of the mother, mediated by child SM, and ECC. Other maternal (socioeconomic, waist circumference, sugar consumption, DMFT index, and visible plaque) and child factors (sugar consumption, visible plaque, and child age) composed the theoretical model. A total effect model (maternal SM on ECC) and a direct effect model, adjusted by the mediation effect of child SM (maternal SM via child SM) on ECC, were analyzed. The outcome of interest in this study was ECC (number of teeth with caries experience, dmft), which was analyzed as a discrete variable by Poisson regression. The Paramed test was used to analyze mediation. The following variables were associated with ECC in the total effect model: maternal SM, maternal waist circumference ≥80 cm, DMFT, maternal visible plaque, child age ≥4 years, and increased sugar consumption of the child (>3 times/day). In the direct effect model, high maternal SM levels remained associated with ECC, while moderate and high colonization of the child with SM was also associated with ECC. Child SM colonization just partially mediated the effect of maternal SM on ECC (33%). Thus, factors other than the mechanism of bacterial colonization should be considered in mother-child dyads, including eating habits, oral hygiene practices, and a family history of caries.

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“…A systematic review showed that ECC is related to frequent sweets consumption [26]. In particular, numerous studies have proven that sweets play a key role in the occurrence and development of ECC [27][28][29]. A diet rich in exogenous sugars is believed to be cariogenic to children [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Status and Associated Factors of Early Childhood Caries among 3- to 5-year-old Children in Guangdong, Southern China: A Provincial Cross-sectional Survey

Zhou

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Dental caries of deciduous teeth (Early Childhood Caries, ECC) has become a crucial oral health problem over the decades in China. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and severity of ECC among preschool children from Guangdong Province, Southern China. In addition, to assess the association of ECC with reported oral health-related behaviors.Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 2592 participants was carried out in Guangdong Province by means of an equal-sized, stratified, multistage random sampling method during December 2015 and April 2016. The participants were divided into three groups according to their ages (3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds). Half of the participants were derived from urban areas, while the other from rural areas. According to the standard for clinical dentition examination of the WHO 2013 criteria, the presence of ECC was determined by the dmft (decayed-missing-filled tooth) index using a CPI (Community Periodontal Index) probe. A questionnaire about caries-related factors was completed by each of the participants’ parents or grandparents through a face-to-face and one-on-one interview. Then, t-test, Chi2 tests, One-Way ANOVA served for statistical analysis, and logistic regression analysis as well as covariance analysis were executed to identify potential associated factors for ECC.Results: The prevalence (% dmft >0) of ECC was 68.3 (95% CI: 66.5-70.1), the mean dmft was 4.36 (95% CI: 4.17-4.55), and the filled rate was 1.2%. In multivariable modeling, associated factors for both prevalence and mean dmft were older age, rural areas, consumption of sweets before sleep, dental visit history, low household income, and low parental education level. Initiating toothbrushing after 3 years of age and being exclusively/ predominantly breastfed indicated only the prevalence; being female and frequently consuming sweetened milk/powdered milk indicated only the mean dmft.Conclusions: Preschool children in Guangdong Province, especially children from rural areas, experienced a significant amount of ECC. Associated factors for ECC included demographics, oral health measures, dietary factors, and socioeconomic factors. More attention should be given to prevention of ECC from early life. The construction of social support for oral health should be strengthened. Oral health education and promotion, especially of rural areas, should be intensified to reduce the inequality between urban and rural areas.

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Overweight, obese, underweight, and frequency of sugar consumption as risk indicators for early childhood caries in Brazilian preschool children

Abstract: Children overweight or obese, as well as children exhibiting being thin/very thin, were associated with ECC independent of socioeconomic variables and a high frequency of sugar consumption.

Cited by 41 publications

References 23 publications

Association Between Early Childhood Caries And Malnutrition In A Sub-Urban Population In Nigeria

Association Between Early Childhood Caries And Malnutrition In A Sub-Urban Population In Nigeria

<b><i>Streptococcus mutans </i></b>in Mother-Child Dyads and Early Childhood Caries: Examining Factors Underlying Bacterial Colonization

The Status and Associated Factors of Early Childhood Caries among 3- to 5-year-old Children in Guangdong, Southern China: A Provincial Cross-sectional Survey

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