Overweight and obesity related to activities in Portuguese children, 7-9 years

Mourão-Carvalhal, Maria Isabel; Padez, Cristina; Moreira, Pedro; Rosado, Victor

doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckl093

Cited by 88 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…These results are similar to those of Ribeiro et al 10 who did not find significant differences in PA-levels among Portuguese children of both sexes aged 8-16 years grouped into BMI quartiles. Also, Carvalhal et al 34 found no association between PA and BMI in Portuguese children between 7 and 9 years of age. These Portuguese studies are supported by the work of Maffeis et al, 35 which showed that PA did not affect changes in BMI over a 4-year period in children aged [8][9][10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Correlates of changes in BMI of children from the Azores islands

et al. 2010

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Objective: To model changes in body mass index (BMI), including its stability, and to investigate the association between physical activity, 1-mile run/walk and levels of gross motor coordination and BMI during 5 consecutive years. Design: A longitudinal study of children 6 years of age at baseline followed at annual intervals over 5 years. Subjects: A total of 285 children (143 boys and 142 girls) were enrolled in grade 1 (age 6 years) and followed through grade 5 (age 10 years). Measurements: BMI was recorded and physical activity was assessed by questionnaire, aerobic fitness was evaluated with the 1-mile run/walk and gross motor coordination was measured with the KTK test battery (Körperkoordination test für Kinder). Multilevel modelling techniques were for the primary analysis. Results: Changes in BMI showed similar curvilinear trends in boys and girls, with ample inter-individual crossing trajectories that is, low tracking. Longitudinal changes in physical activity (PA) and aerobic fitness were not significantly associated with BMI-changes during the 5 years. Children who were more proficient in their motor coordination showed lower values of BMI during the 5 years. Conclusions: BMI trajectories of both boys and girls show low tracking of BMI-values. Considerable inter-individual variation exists both in baseline BMI-values and changes (velocity and acceleration) over time. PA and fitness were not associated with BMI-changes, but gross motor function was negatively associated with BMI-changes. No gender-specific associations were found. If confirmed in other populations these observations could be translated in the promotion of physical activities that improve gross motor function in children aged 6-10 years. This seems to be of major importance for the physical education curriculum of primary school children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Correlates of changes in BMI of children from the Azores islands

et al. 2010

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“…The first found that normal weight children spent significantly less time using computers than overweight/ obese children, 43 whereas the second found a significant relationship between the use of electronic games and higher BMI. 44 A further study of adolescents aged 14-17 years (N ¼ 194) found a strong positive relationship between interactive media (internet surfing and video games) and percentage body fat and BMI. 32 Of interest is that several studies that have found an association between sedentary behaviors other than TV viewing and obesity have also found no association between TV viewing and obesity.…”

Section: Effects Of Sedentary Pursuits B Swinburn and A Shellymentioning

confidence: 94%

“…32 Of interest is that several studies that have found an association between sedentary behaviors other than TV viewing and obesity have also found no association between TV viewing and obesity. 43,44 The meta-analysis by Marshall et al 25 found no association between electronic games usage and body fatness using six independent samples (N ¼ 1722), although a statistically significant, but small effect size, relationship was shown between high electronic game use and low physical activity (10 independent samples, N ¼ 119 942, r ¼ À0.14).…”

Section: Effects Of Sedentary Pursuits B Swinburn and A Shellymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 More recent studies have had mixed results with some showing no associations 31 and others suggesting that there may be a relationship. 32,43,44 Two Portuguese studies of the children aged 7-9 (N ¼ 3365) and 12-18 years (N ¼ 450) found a link between obesity and other sedentary behaviors. The first found that normal weight children spent significantly less time using computers than overweight/ obese children, 43 whereas the second found a significant relationship between the use of electronic games and higher BMI.…”

Section: Effects Of Sedentary Pursuits B Swinburn and A Shellymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of TV time and other sedentary pursuits

2008

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Television (TV) viewing is the dominant recreational pastime at all ages, especially for children and adolescents. Many studies have shown that higher TV viewing hours are associated with higher body mass index (BMI), lower levels of fitness and higher blood cholesterol levels. Although the effect size estimated from observational studies is small (with TV viewing explaining very little of the variance in BMI), the results of intervention studies show large effect sizes. The potential mediators of the effect of higher TV viewing on higher BMI include less time for physical activity, reduced resting metabolic rate (for which there is little supporting evidence) and increased energy intake (from more eating while watching TV and a greater exposure to marketing of energy dense foods). Electronic games may have an effect on unhealthy weight gain, but are less related to increased energy intake and their usage is relatively new, making effect size difficult to determine. Thus, TV viewing does not explain much of the differences in body size between individuals or the rise in obesity over time, perhaps because of the uniformly high, but relatively stable, TV viewing hours. Reducing TV viewing hours is a difficult prospect because potential actions, such as social marketing and education, are likely to be relatively weak interventions, although the evidence would suggest that, if viewing could be reduced, it could have a significant impact on reducing obesity prevalence. Regulations to reduce the heavy marketing of energy dense foods and beverages on TV may be the most effective public health measure available to minimize the impact of TV viewing on unhealthy weight gain.

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“…Gender, Weigh gain during pregnancy and overweight P Moreira et al age, birthweight, order of birth, breastfeeding, smoking during pregnancy, physical activity, parental BMI, parental education, calcium to protein ratio intake and energy intake, were entered in the regression models in secondary analysis to control for the effects of these variables. The adjustment considered variables that presented a statistically significant effect in univariate analysis 18,21,22 and were considered to sustain a plausible biological and temporal relationship with the outcome.…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal weigh gain during pregnancy and overweight in Portuguese children

et al. 2007

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Objective: The objective of our study was to assess the association between maternal weight gain during pregnancy and childhood overweight. Design: This study was a cross-sectional analysis. Setting: The data were derived from a community-based survey of children from primary schools of Portugal. Subjects: The study was performed in a sample of 6-12-year-old Portuguese school children (2445 girls and 2400 boys; age was 8.570.91 years). Measurements: Height and weight were measured according to international standards, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The definition of overweight was based on average centiles according to the International Obesity Task Force cutoffs. Children's parents completed a self-administered questionnaire, which provided information on general family background characteristics, maternal weight gain during pregnancy and children's physical activity. The response rate was 70.6%. Children's dietary intake was measured using a 24-h dietary recall. Logistic regression models were fitted to estimate the magnitude of the association between maternal weight gain during pregnancy and overweight in their children, adjusting for confounders (gender, age, birthweight, order of birth, breastfeeding, smoking during pregnancy, physical activity, parental BMI, parental education, calcium to protein ratio and energy intake). Results: The prevalence of overweight (including obesity) was 29% in boys and 33% in girls. The odds favouring overweight (including obesity) increased significantly for those women who gained X16 kg during pregnancy, compared to those with o9 kg , even after adjustment for confounders (crude odds ratio (OR) ¼ 1.53, confidence interval (CI) 95% 1.27-1.84, P-trend o0.001; Adjusted OR ¼ 1.27, CI 95% 1.01-1.61, P-trend ¼ 0.038). Conclusion: Large maternal weight gain during pregnancy (X16 kg) was significantly associated with higher risk of overweight in Portuguese children.

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Overweight and obesity related to activities in Portuguese children, 7-9 years

Abstract: The results of this study suggest that the time spent playing electronic games is associated with obesity. Reducing childhood obesity calls for the reduction in sedentary behaviours, and the promotion of a more active lifestyle.

Cited by 88 publications

References 25 publications

Correlates of changes in BMI of children from the Azores islands

Correlates of changes in BMI of children from the Azores islands

Effects of TV time and other sedentary pursuits

Maternal weigh gain during pregnancy and overweight in Portuguese children

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