Overweight Adolescents and On-time High School Graduation: Racial and Gender Disparities

Okunade, Albert A.; Hussey, Andrew; Karakuş, Mustafa

doi:10.1007/s11293-009-9181-y

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…Obese adolescents in both of these groups are about 12 percent less likely to complete a college degree than non-obese adolescents. 8 Other research has found, for females but not males, a negative relationship between adolescent obesity and high school performance (Sabia, 2007) and on-time graduation (Okunade et al, 2009). In contrast, our results suggest that the negative effects of obesity on academic attainment for females occur primarily at the level of the college degree.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 60%

“…This might be the case if early obesity affects human capital acquisition and productivity. Indeed, research has found negative effects of obesity on youth academic performance (Datar, 2004;Mo-suwan et al 2009), high school graduation rates (Sabia, 2007;Okunade et al 2009), and the probability of attending college (Crosnoe, 2007). Since education is strongly and positively associated with lifetime earnings and other quality of life indicators, child or adolescent obesity may therefore affect adult earnings and other outcomes indirectly, even if no direct relationship exists.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adolescent obesity, educational attainment and adult earnings

Amis

Hussey

Okunade

2014

Applied Economics Letters

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We estimate the effects of being obese during adolescence on the likelihood of high school graduation, post-secondary educational attainment, and labor market earnings as an adult (over 13 years later). We use longitudinal data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health (Add Health), conducted by the Carolina Population Center of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. This is a nationally representative sample of students in grades 7 through 12 for the 1994-95 first wave survey. Three subsequent waves of follow-up interviews occurred in 1996, 2001-02, and finally in 2007-08, when the sample was aged 25-31. Probit and linear regression models with a large set of controls (to minimize any bias that may result from omitting factors related to both adolescent obesity and adult outcomes) are fitted to carry out analyses separately by gender or racial groups. Pathological body weights are most notably present among males, blacks and Hispanics, suggesting possibility that diverging obesity effects may be found across race and gender groups. Unlike some prior research, we find no significant effects of adolescent obesity on high school graduation, but for some demographic groups negative effects are found on college graduation and future income. Policy implications are discussed.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 60%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent obesity, educational attainment and adult earnings

Amis

Hussey

Okunade

2014

Applied Economics Letters

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“…Given the current steep rise in the prevalence of childhood obesity in these countries [ 1 ], if there is an association between obesity and academic achievement in these contexts, the subsequent economic impact of obesity-related deficits may have even more implications for economic growth of middle-low-income countries and for human capital. Prospective cohort studies indicated that adolescent obesity is negatively associated with years of schooling [ 76 , 77 ], school completion [ 78 ], enrolment in higher education [ 79 , 80 ], income [ 76 , 77 , 81 ] and employment status [ 82 ]. The economic argument for the implementation of effective childhood obesity prevention and treatment programmes could therefore be substantial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Associations Between Childhood Obesity and Academic Achievement: Systematic Review with Focus Group Data

et al. 2017

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PurposeThe purposes of this study were to review the evidence on longitudinal associations between child and adolescent obesity and academic achievement and to provide perceptions of adolescents with obesity and their parents on this topic.Recent FindingsSynthesis of 31 studies (from 17 cohorts) suggested that relationships between obesity and academic achievement are not well established, except for adolescent girls’ maths attainment, potentially mediated by both weight-related bullying and executive cognitive functions. Focus groups with adolescent girls with obesity confirmed experiences of psychosocial distress at school particularly during Physical Education. Adolescents perceived that obesity was not related to academic achievement directly, but by their attitude to school.SummaryInterventions are warranted to promote psychosocial wellbeing and cognitive abilities linked to academic achievement in adolescent girls with obesity. Physical Education should be a positive experience for children and adolescents with obesity.

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“…Therefore, an estimated bias would occur by leaving out the income variable from our analysis. Similarly, we know that obesity is related to lower levels of educational attainment, and anemia is related to lower enrollment rates in schooling (17,18,19). Taken together, leaving out a control variable for education would bias our estimate of the relationship between BMI and iron deficiency, as it would be picking up these variable's additional relationships with educational attainment.…”

Section: Methods and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 96%

Iron and Obesity in Females in the United States

Neymotin

Sen

2011

Obesity

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Since the late 1980s, the United States has witnessed a dramatic increase in average BMI levels and the proportion of individuals categorized as obese. Obesity is a major risk factor for a variety of illnesses, and an increase in obesity is, therefore, implicated in increased health‐care costs in the United States. These ultimately translate to a major health and economic problem for the United States. The present analysis examines a pathway to increased levels of obesity as of yet almost entirely unexplored. Specifically, we examine the relationship between obesity and iron deficiency via analyses of blood samples. The current analysis employs public‐use data files from the continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (1999–2006) survey to determine the relationship between obesity and an individual's iron blood content. Results suggest a negative relationship between levels of iron blood content and individual BMI after controlling for other individual characteristics. These results hold for nearly all eight panels tested in the ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions.

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Overweight Adolescents and On-time High School Graduation: Racial and Gender Disparities

Abstract: Adolescents, Obesity, Overweight, BMI, On-time high school graduation, Propensity scores, Add Health, I00,

Cited by 13 publications

References 35 publications

Adolescent obesity, educational attainment and adult earnings

Adolescent obesity, educational attainment and adult earnings

Longitudinal Associations Between Childhood Obesity and Academic Achievement: Systematic Review with Focus Group Data

Iron and Obesity in Females in the United States

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