Overweight, adipocytokines and hypertension

Seven, Ekim; Husemoen, Lise Lotte Nystrup; Wachtell, Kristian; Ibsen, Hans; Linneberg, Allan; Jeppesen, Jørgen

doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000000207

Cited by 24 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Based on normal physiology, higher blood pressure leads to higher circulating concentrations of natriuretic peptides [ 5 , 6 ], but based on our data and data from the medical literature, in particular the genetic studies [ 2 , 3 ], a relative deficiency of the natriuretic peptides, resulting in diminished vasodilation and natriuresis, could be involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension in its early states. Because overweight, the strongest risk factor for hypertension [ 19 , 20 – 23 ], is associated with lower circulating concentrations of natriuretic peptides [ 4 , 7 , 15 , 16 , 35 ] it is reasonable to speculate that a least part of the overweight-related hypertension is mediated by a lack of activation of the antihypertensive cardiac hormones ANP and BNP in the early stages of the disease, an idea our study also supports.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Higher Serum Concentrations of N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Associate with Prevalent Hypertension whereas Lower Associate with Incident Hypertension

et al. 2015

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BackgroundThe role of the natriuretic peptides (NPs) in hypertension is complex. Thus, a higher blood NP concentration is a robust marker of pressure-induced cardiac damage in patients with hypertension, whereas genetically elevated NP concentrations are associated with a reduced risk of hypertension and overweight individuals presumably at high risk of hypertension have lower NP concentrations.ObjectiveTo investigate the associations between serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), used as a surrogate marker for active BNP, and prevalent as well as 5-year incident hypertension in a Danish general population sample.MethodsCross-sectional and prospective population-based study.ResultsAt baseline, among 5,307 participants (51.3% women, mean age 46.0±7.9 years) with a complete set of data, we recorded 1,979 cases with prevalent hypertension (PHT). Among 2,389 normotensive participants at baseline with a complete set of data, we recorded 324 cases with incident hypertension (IHT) on follow-up 5 years later. In models adjusted for age, sex, lifestyle, social, dietary, anthropometric, pulmonic, lipid, metabolic and renal risk factors, as well as heart rate and baseline blood pressure (only incident model), one standard deviation increase in baseline log-transformed NT-proBNP concentrations was on one side associated with a 21% higher risk of PHT (odds ratio [OR]: 1.21 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13-1.30], P<0.001), and on the other side with a 14% lower risk of IHT (OR: 0.86 [95%CI:0.76-0.98], P = 0.020).ConclusionsHigher serum concentrations of NT-proBNP associate with PHT whereas lower concentrations associate with IHT. This suggests that a lower amount of circulating BNP, resulting in diminished vasodilation and natriuresis, could be involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension in its early stages.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Higher Serum Concentrations of N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Associate with Prevalent Hypertension whereas Lower Associate with Incident Hypertension

et al. 2015

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“…Despite replete energy stores, altered cell bound leptin receptor signal transduction inadequately senses energy repletion status, while circulating LEP-R activity is largely unaffected. 13, 26 The association of LEP-R with lower CFPWV and higher MAP is complex to reconcile given our cross-sectional analysis. It may be that LEP-R has different effects on small muscular arteries versus larger conduit arteries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Circulating Adipokines and Vascular Function

et al. 2016

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Adipokines may be potential mediators of the association between excess adiposity and vascular dysfunction. We assessed the cross-sectional associations of circulating adipokines with vascular stiffness in a community-based cohort of younger adults. We related circulating concentrations of leptin and leptin receptor, adiponectin, retinol binding protein 4, and fatty acid binding protein 4 to vascular stiffness measured by arterial tonometry in 3505 Framingham Third Generation cohort participants free of cardiovascular disease (mean age 40 years, 53% women). Separate regression models estimated the relations of each adipokine to mean arterial pressure and aortic stiffness, as carotid femoral pulse wave velocity, adjusting for age, sex, smoking, heart rate, height, antihypertensive treatment, total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, diabetes, alcohol consumption, estimated glomerular filtration rate, glucose and C-reactive protein. Models evaluating aortic stiffness also were adjusted for mean arterial pressure. Mean arterial pressure was positively associated with blood retinol binding protein 4, fatty acid binding protein 4, and leptin concentrations (all P<0.001) and inversely with adiponectin (p=0.002). In fully adjusted models, mean arterial pressure was positively associated with retinol binding protein 4 and leptin receptor levels (p<0.002 both). In fully adjusted models, aortic stiffness was positively associated with fatty acid binding protein 4 concentrations (p=0.02), but inversely with leptin and leptin receptor levels (p≤0.03 both). In our large community-based sample, circulating concentrations of select adipokines were associated with vascular stiffness measures, consistent with the hypothesis that adipokines may influence vascular function and may contribute to the relation between obesity and hypertension.

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“…As BP increases with puberty [59, 60] and early puberty has shown to be a risk factor for later high BP [57], this may have also contributed to higher BP in overweight/obese children. Also, inflammatory cytokines and adipocytokines from adipose tissue in overweight and obese subjects were shown to increase blood pressure [61, 62] such that obesity-related effects on BP may have overlaid the BP lowering effects of n-3 PUFA observed in thin/normal weight children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of Whole Blood n-3 and n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids with Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents – Results from the IDEFICS/I.Family Cohort

et al. 2016

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BackgroundPolyunsaturated n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are precursors of biologically active metabolites that affect blood pressure (BP) regulation. This study investigated the association of n-3 and n-6 PUFA and BP in children and adolescents.MethodsIn a subsample of 1267 children aged 2–9 years at baseline of the European IDEFICS (Identification and prevention of dietary- and lifestyle-induced health effects in children and infants) cohort whole blood fatty acids were measured by a validated gas chromatographic method. Systolic and diastolic BP was measured at baseline and after two and six years. Mixed-effects models were used to assess the associations between fatty acids at baseline and BP z-scores over time adjusting for relevant covariables. Models were further estimated stratified by sex and weight status.ResultsThe baseline level of arachidonic acid was positively associated with subsequent systolic BP (β = 0.08, P = 0.002) and diastolic BP (β = 0.07, P<0.001). In thin/normal weight children, baseline alpha-linolenic (β = -1.13, P = 0.003) and eicosapentaenoic acid (β = -0.85, P = 0.003) levels were inversely related to baseline and also to subsequent systolic BP and alpha-linolenic acid to subsequent diastolic BP. In overweight/obese children, baseline eicosapentaenoic acid level was positively associated with baseline diastolic BP (β = 0.54, P = 0.005).ConclusionsLow blood arachidonic acid levels in the whole sample and high n-3 PUFA levels in thin/normal weight children are associated with lower and therefore healthier BP. The beneficial effects of high n-3 PUFA on BP were not observed in overweight/obese children, suggesting that they may have been overlaid by the unfavorable effects of excess weight.

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Overweight, adipocytokines and hypertension

Abstract: Leptin, but not adiponectin or CRP, may play a mediating role in overweight-induced hypertension. However, as BMI was a strong independent predictor of hypertension, other factors than leptin must be involved in the pathogenesis of overweight-related hypertension.

Cited by 24 publications

References 49 publications

Higher Serum Concentrations of N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Associate with Prevalent Hypertension whereas Lower Associate with Incident Hypertension

Higher Serum Concentrations of N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Associate with Prevalent Hypertension whereas Lower Associate with Incident Hypertension

Circulating Adipokines and Vascular Function

Associations of Whole Blood n-3 and n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids with Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents – Results from the IDEFICS/I.Family Cohort

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