Overvoltage Limitation Method of an Offshore Wind Farm With DC Series-Parallel Collection Grid

Zhang, Haibo; Gruson, François; R, Diana M Florez; Saudemont, Christophe

doi:10.1109/tste.2018.2829929

Cited by 43 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Recently, installation of dispersed power generated by solar photovoltaics (PVs), wind turbines (WTs), and other energy resources have been increasing all over the world. However, they have some negative impacts on power systems that must be addressed, such as frequency deviation and voltage fluctuation (Zhang et al, 2019). In WT systems, these negative impacts are caused especially by aerodynamic factors such as turbulence and wind shifts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total output power variation of several small wind turbines

2020

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There is a concern that connection of several small wind turbines may cause severe voltage fluctuation and voltage flicker in low-voltage distribution lines due to their output power variations. In this study, output power variations of four 5-kW-class small wind turbine systems were measured with an interval of 0.1 s at a site in Wakkanai, Hokkaido, and their correlations and smoothing effect in the frequency range from [Formula: see text] to 5 Hz were analyzed and compared with those of five residential photovoltaic power systems. The results indicate that a smoothing effect occurs more in small wind turbines than in photovoltaic systems, because of lower correlation coefficients in lower frequency ([Formula: see text] Hz) components. Voltage flicker at the point of common coupling was also measured and it was confirmed that the impact of small wind turbines on voltage flicker is low enough at the site. In addition, the upper limits of the installation number and/or the system resistance are estimated theoretically using the measured flicker values.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total output power variation of several small wind turbines

2020

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“…[ [64][65][66][67] suggested to firstly series connect the wind turbines to build a series cluster and then connect different clusters in parallel. However, the power balance technique in a series string connected with VSC is yet not mature.…”

Section: Other Architecturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on DC transmission systems for integrating large‐scale offshore wind farms

Song

et al. 2021

Energy Conversion and Economics

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The exploitation of offshore wind power has increased rapidly in recent years. To gain more wind power energy, offshore wind farms move farther from onshore. A comparison between HVAC and HVDC in terms of reliability, cost and transmission capability shows that HVDC is more suitable for long-distance, high-capacity bulk power transmission. However, the HVDC transmission for offshore wind power also faces great challenges because the offshore applications bring critical demands for low volume and low weight for the converters at the offshore side. On the other hand, the new topologies and conversion techniques of power electronic converters expedite many new DC transmission architectures for offshore wind power. Different HVDC architectures by using centralised voltage source converter (VSC), diode rectifier (DR), series-connected wind turbine converters and all-DC wind farm based on DC transformers are reviewed and compared. The advantages, challenges and development and application prospects for various DC transmission solutions are discussed.

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“…Series-parallel (SP) topologies, depicted in Figure 8, was developed to mitigate the complexity of controlling the voltage of the DC collection system connected in series as a single string. It combines features of the parallel and series topologies, inheriting the advantages of the latter, such as the elimination of the offshore platform and lower connection costs [48]. The multiple parallel strings in this configuration increase the reliability of the WPP.…”

Section: Hybrid Topologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in All-DC Offshore Wind Power Plants

et al. 2021

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As the size and distance from shore of new offshore wind power plants (OWPPs) increase, connection to shore using high-voltage (HV) direct-current (DC) technology becomes more cost-effective. Currently, every offshore wind power plant has a collection system based on medium-voltage alternating-current technology. Such systems rely on heavy and bulky low-frequency (i.e., 50 or 60 Hz) transformers: a drawback offshore, where equipment weight and space are restricted. Consequently, there is growing interest in medium-voltage direct-current collection systems, in which low-frequency transformers are replaced with DC/DC converters equipped with lighter and smaller medium-frequency transformers. However, the deployment of all-DC OWPPs still faces several challenges. Based on a very comprehensive and critical literature review, three of them are identified and discussed in this paper. The first challenge is the technological gap at component level. In this work, the DC/DC converter topologies most suitable for application to OWPPs are described and compared. The second challenge is the controllability of DC collection systems. Parallel, series and hybrid DC collection system layouts are presented and discussed. The third challenge is the compliance of all-DC OWPPs with current requirements for their connection to the onshore grids. The three challenges are discussed to highlight current research gaps and potential future directions.

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Overvoltage Limitation Method of an Offshore Wind Farm With DC Series-Parallel Collection Grid

Cited by 43 publications

References 28 publications

Total output power variation of several small wind turbines

Total output power variation of several small wind turbines

Review on DC transmission systems for integrating large‐scale offshore wind farms

Challenges in All-DC Offshore Wind Power Plants

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