Overview: Tropospheric profiling: state of the art and future challenges – introduction to the AMT special issue

Cimini, Domenico; Rizi, V.; Girolamo, Paolo Di; Marzano, Frank S.; Macke, Andreas; Pappalardo, Gelsomina; Richter, Andreas

doi:10.5194/amt-7-2981-2014

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The microwave measurements (retrievals) of the profiles of the main atmospheric characteristics and trace gas concentrations at various altitudes are used for studying a plethora of atmospheric processes. At the tropospheric altitudes, ground-based measurements of temperature and water-vapor profiles, liquid-water path and other characteristics are widely employed for developing new methods of forecasting weather and hazardous meteorological phenomena [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. High temporal resolution and acceptable vertical resolution of ground-based passive microwave spectroradiometers allow them to be used in nowcasting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of Atmospheric Absorption Models within the 20–60 GHz Band by Simultaneous Radiosonde and Microwave Observations: The Advantage of Using ECS Formalism

et al. 2022

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The precise calculation of atmospheric absorption in a microwave band is highly important for atmospheric remote-sensing with ground-based and satellite-borne radiometers, as it is a key element in procedures for temperature, humidity or trace gas concentration retrieval. The accuracy of the absorption model directly affects the accuracy of the retrieved information and reliability of the resulting forecasts. In this study, we analyze the difference between observed and simulated microwave spectra obtained from more than four years of microwave and radiosonde observations over Nizhny Novgorod (56.2°N, 44°E). We focus on zenith-measured microwave data in the 20–60 GHz frequency range in clear-sky conditions. The use of a conventional absorption model in simulations leads to a significant difference in frequency channels within the 51–54 GHz range, while calculations employing a more accurate model based on the Energy Corrected Sudden (ECS) formalism for molecular oxygen absorption reduces the difference several-fold.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of Atmospheric Absorption Models within the 20–60 GHz Band by Simultaneous Radiosonde and Microwave Observations: The Advantage of Using ECS Formalism

et al. 2022

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“…One of the most promising candidates to feed the weather forecast models is passive microwave remote sensing. For the last~2 decades, ground-based microwave radiometers (GBMRs) [3][4][5][6][7] and their data have been tested for many purposes of operational meteorology and nowcasting, for example, in airports and for meteorological support of major international events [8][9][10]. These devices measure the spectra of the downwelling atmospheric radiation (brightness temperatures) in the range from 20 to 60 GHz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Observations of Microwave Brightness Temperatures over a Metropolitan Area: Comparison of Radiometric Data and Spectra Simulated with the Use of Radiosonde Measurements

et al. 2021

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Ground-based microwave radiometers are increasingly used in operational meteorology and nowcasting. These instruments continuously measure the spectra of downwelling atmospheric radiation in the range 20–60 GHz used for the retrieval of tropospheric temperature and water vapor profiles. Spectroscopic uncertainty is an important part of the retrieval error budget, as it leads to systematic bias. In this study, we analyze the difference between observed and simulated microwave spectra obtained from more than four years of microwave and radiosonde observations over Nizhny Novgorod (56.2° N, 44° E). We focus on zenith-measured and elevation-scanning data in clear-sky conditions. The simulated spectra are calculated by a radiative transfer model with the use of radiosonde profiles and different absorption models, corresponding to the latest spectroscopy research. In the case of zenith-measurements, we found a systematic bias (up to ~2 K) of simulated spectra at 51–54 GHz. The sign of bias depends on the absorption model. A thorough investigation of the error budget points to a spectroscopic nature of the observed differences. The dependence of the results on the elevation angle and absorption model can be explained by the basic properties of radiative transfer and by cloud contamination at elevation angles.

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“…GMWR measurements were beneficial in studying several atmospheric processes and improving the predictability of NWP models. For example, over the last two decades, this was used in severe weather prediction and deriving the diurnal variability of atmospheric stability indices [10], boundary layer studies [11][12][13], understanding cloud properties [14], and lightening studies [7,8]. In addition, Kadygrov et al (2013) reported that GMMR is preferable over the other existing methods for studying complex processes such as turbulence fluctuation and changes in heat transfer rate in the atmospheric boundary layer during a solar eclipse [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrieval of the Atmospheric Temperature and Humidity Profiles Using a Feed-Forward Neural Network

Pathak

2021

The 4th International Electronic Conference on Atmospheric Sciences

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Using a feed-forward neural network, an inverse algorithm was developed to profile the vertical structure of temperature and specific humidity. The inverse algorithm (inverse model) was used to calculate temperature and humidity profiles, which were then compared with other existing methods. The inverse model is found efficient in profiling the vertical structure of temperature and humidity as compared to other existing methods. For example, the statistical methods notorious for their high computational cost, altitude-dependent error, and inability to accurately retrieve the vertical temperature and humidity profiles, are enhanced with an inverse model. The inverse model’s diurnal and seasonal cycle profiles are also found superior to those of other existing methods, which could be useful for assimilation in numerical weather forecast models. We suggest that incorporating such an inverse model into the ground-based microwave radiometer (GMWR) will enhance the accuracy of the vertical structure of temperature and humidity profiles, and so the improvement in weather forecasting. The developed inverse model has a resolution of 50 m between the surface to 500 m and 100 m between 500–2000 m, and 500 m beyond 2000 m.

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Overview: Tropospheric profiling: state of the art and future challenges – introduction to the AMT special issue

Cited by 6 publications

References 23 publications

Validation of Atmospheric Absorption Models within the 20–60 GHz Band by Simultaneous Radiosonde and Microwave Observations: The Advantage of Using ECS Formalism

Validation of Atmospheric Absorption Models within the 20–60 GHz Band by Simultaneous Radiosonde and Microwave Observations: The Advantage of Using ECS Formalism

Long-Term Observations of Microwave Brightness Temperatures over a Metropolitan Area: Comparison of Radiometric Data and Spectra Simulated with the Use of Radiosonde Measurements

Retrieval of the Atmospheric Temperature and Humidity Profiles Using a Feed-Forward Neural Network

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