Overview: The Dioxin Debate

Webster, Thomas F.; Commoner, Barry

doi:10.1002/0471722014.ch1

“…Dioxins and furans seem to be a significant factor contributing to reduced hatching success. Dioxins, but especially the furans, occur as low-level contaminants of PCBs [49]. Total dioxin/furan concentrations, as well as the TEQs associated with dioxin/furans, were significant variables in the singlevariable models.…”

Section: Total Pcbs: Effects On Tree Swallowsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Exposure and effects of chemical contaminants on tree swallows nesting along the Housatonic River, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, USA, 1998–2000

Custer

¹

,

Custer

²

,

Dummer

³

et al. 2003

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Hatching success of tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) was assessed for three years in relation to chemical contamination along the Housatonic River, Berkshire County (MA, USA), in 1998, 1999, and 2000. Nest boxes were erected at five sites along the Housatonic River and its tributaries and at one reference location. Concentrations of total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were some of the highest ever reported in bird eggs. Mean concentrations at sites along the Housatonic River ranged between 32 and 101 microg/g wet weight. A significant negative relationship was observed between concentrations of total PCBs in clutches and hatching success. A significant negative relationship was also observed between hatching success and the sum of the total dioxins and furans and the associated toxic equivalents (TEQs) for dioxins and furans. In a combined model with PCB TEQs and dioxin/furan TEQs, PCB TEQs were not significantly correlated to hatching success, whereas dioxin/furan TEQs were. Contamination of tree swallows was from local food sources. Accumulation rates of total PCBs in 12-d-old nestlings averaged between 34 and 76 microg/d at the sites along the main stem of the Housatonic River compared to <1 microg/d at the reference location.

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“…Dioxins, but especially the furans, occur as low-level contaminants of PCBs [49]. Dioxins, but especially the furans, occur as low-level contaminants of PCBs [49].…”

Section: Total Pcbs: Effects On Tree Swallowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure and Effects of Chemical Contaminants on Tree Swallows Nesting Along the Housatonic River, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, Usa, 1998–2000

Custer¹,

Custer²,

Dummer³

et al. 2003

Environ Toxicol Chem

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Hatching success of tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) was assessed for three years in relation to chemical contamination along the Housatonic River, Berkshire County (MA, USA), in 1998, 1999, and 2000. Nest boxes were erected at five sites along the Housatonic River and its tributaries and at one reference location. Concentrations of total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were some of the highest ever reported in bird eggs. Mean concentrations at sites along the Housatonic River ranged between 32 and 101 microg/g wet weight. A significant negative relationship was observed between concentrations of total PCBs in clutches and hatching success. A significant negative relationship was also observed between hatching success and the sum of the total dioxins and furans and the associated toxic equivalents (TEQs) for dioxins and furans. In a combined model with PCB TEQs and dioxin/furan TEQs, PCB TEQs were not significantly correlated to hatching success, whereas dioxin/furan TEQs were. Contamination of tree swallows was from local food sources. Accumulation rates of total PCBs in 12-d-old nestlings averaged between 34 and 76 microg/d at the sites along the main stem of the Housatonic River compared to <1 microg/d at the reference location.

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“…Dioxins cause serious health problems because of their toxicities, lipophilicity and resistance to degradation (Tanabe et al, 1987;Webster & Commoner, 1994). The mechanism of dioxin toxicity is associated with binding to the cytosolic aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and subsequent transformation of the receptor (Whitlock, 1990;De Vito & Birnbaum, 1994;Denison et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Camellia sinensis tea melanin suppresses transformation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and prevents against dioxin‐induced toxicity in mice

Hung

¹

,

Huang

²

,

Sava

³

et al. 2008

Int J of Food Sci Tech

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The suppressive effects of Camellia sinensis tea melanin (CSTM) on transformation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) were disclosed for the first time. CSTM strongly inhibited TCDD-induced toxicity with IC 50 equalling 20.4 lg mL )1 . Daily administration of CSTM (40 mg kg )1 , p.o.) prevented TCDD-induced body weight loss, ameliorated TCDD-induced mortality and prevented TCDD-induced hepatomegaly and thymic atrophy. Co-administration of CSTM significantly inhibited TCDD-induced hepatic CYP1 A1 activity. CSTM retarded transformation of AhR in vitro. In animals treated with CSTM, the antibody-secreting cells produced significantly (P < 0.05) more antibodies (32-34%) than the antigen control. Administration of TCDD caused a suppression of antibodyforming cells of 29-33% against the antigen control level. Co-administration of CSTM restored immunity to the control level. We demonstrated that CSTM directly competed with TCDD during the transformation of AhR and suppressed the downstream activation of genes associated with TCDD toxicity.

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Overview: The Dioxin Debate

Cited by 14 publications

References 150 publications

Exposure and effects of chemical contaminants on tree swallows nesting along the Housatonic River, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, USA, 1998–2000

Exposure and effects of chemical contaminants on tree swallows nesting along the Housatonic River, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, USA, 1998–2000

Exposure and Effects of Chemical Contaminants on Tree Swallows Nesting Along the Housatonic River, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, Usa, 1998–2000

Camellia sinensis tea melanin suppresses transformation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and prevents against dioxin‐induced toxicity in mice

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