Overview on the spatial–temporal characteristics of the ozone formation regime in China

Lu, Haoxian; Lyu, Xiaopu; Cheng, Hairong; Ling, Zhenhao; Guo, Hai

doi:10.1039/c9em00098d

Cited by 103 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…This subsequently increases wintertime precursor oxidation which produces more secondary PM. More discussion of the mechanisms for ozone increase is in Text S6 (He et al, 2017; Jin & Holloway, 2015; Li et al, 2018; Lu et al, 2019; Wang et al, 2017). It is worth noting that recent findings suggest halogen chemistry (not included in our model) could to some extent affect the responses of oxidants to NO x reductions (Li, Badia, et al, 2020; Saiz‐Lopez & von Glasow, 2012; Simpson et al, 2015), but should not change our conclusion regarding the trends of oxidants (see more in Text S7) (Chen et al, 2017, 2018; Fu et al, 2018; Jin & Chu, 2006; Li, Badia, et al, 2020; Liu & Abbatt, 2020; Sarwar et al, 2007; Wang et al, 2016; Wang, Chen, et al, 2019; Wang, Jacob, et al, 2019; Xing et al, 2019; Yarwood et al, 2010).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wintertime Particulate Matter Decrease Buffered by Unfavorable Chemical Processes Despite Emissions Reductions in China

Leung

Shi

Zhao

et al. 2020

Geophysical Research Letters

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Extreme and persistent haze events frequently occur during wintertime China. While recent emissions reductions reduced annual mean fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations over eastern China, their effectiveness on wintertime PM2.5 trend remains uncertain. We use observations and model simulations to quantify seasonal differences in PM2.5 trends and investigate the underlying chemical mechanisms driving such differences. We find a much slower decrease in observed wintertime PM2.5 (−3.2% yr−1) since 2014, in contrast to a drastic summertime decrease (−10.3% yr−1). Simulations show two previously underappreciated mechanisms buffering wintertime PM2.5 decrease, including an increase in oxidation capacity due to nitrogen oxides (NOx) reductions under wintertime volatile organic compound (VOC)‐limited chemistry, and an enhanced conversion of nitric acid to nitrate by ammonia due to sulfur dioxide reductions. Our findings suggest that control policies targeting VOC and deep NOx reductions are needed to improve wintertime PM2.5 air quality over China.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wintertime Particulate Matter Decrease Buffered by Unfavorable Chemical Processes Despite Emissions Reductions in China

Leung

Shi

Zhao

et al. 2020

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…China has serious air pollution problems, and fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) and ozone (O 3 ) are the two major air pollutants (Lin et al, 2010;Hu et al, 2016;Lu et al, 2019;Wu et al, 2019). The annual average PM 2.5 concentrations were higher than 50 µg m −3 in 26 out of the total 31 provincial capital cities in mainland China during 2013-2014 (Wang et al, 2014a), and the national fourth highest daily maximum 8 h average O 3 (O 3 -8 h) was 86.0 ppb during the warm seasons (April-September) in 2013-2017, which is 6.3 %-30 % higher than that in other industrialized regions of the world (Lu et al, 2018). PM 2.5 alone caused 0.87-1.36 million deaths every year in China, and long-term exposure to O 3 was responsible for an extra 254 000 deaths (Cohen et al, Z. Shi et al: Sensitivity of O 3 and PM 2.5 to meteorology 2017; Silver et al, 2018;Apte et al, 2015;Hu et al, 2017b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Yin et al (2016) found that the relationship between WS and PM 2.5 has a complicated influence, with higher PM at low and high WS than in light to moderate winds in Beijing from 2008 to 2014. Xu et al (2018) examined the variations of PM 2.5 concentration in January 2017 in China compared to that in January 2016 and found that meteorological conditions of low WS, high humidity, low PBLH, and low PCP contributed to PM 2.5 concentration worsening by 29.7 %, 42.6 %, and 7.9 % in the JJJ region, the Pearl River delta (PRD) region, and the Cheng-Yu Basin (CYB) region, respectively. Ma et al (2019) analyzed the effects of meteorology on air pollution in the Yangtze River delta (YRD) region during 2014-2016 and found that PM 2.5 was highly negatively correlated with WS, while O 3 concentration was positively correlated with T but negatively related to relative humidity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity analysis of the surface ozone and fine particulate matter to meteorological parameters in China

Shi

Huang

et al. 2020

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Meteorological conditions play important roles in the formation of ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5). China has been suffering from serious regional air pollution problems, characterized by high concentrations of surface O3 and PM2.5. In this study, the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model was used to quantify the sensitivity of surface O3 and PM2.5 to key meteorological parameters in different regions of China. Six meteorological parameters were perturbed to create different meteorological conditions, including temperature (T), wind speed (WS), absolute humidity (AH), planetary boundary layer height (PBLH), cloud liquid water content (CLW) and precipitation (PCP). Air quality simulations under the perturbed meteorological conditions were conducted in China in January and July of 2013. The changes in O3 and PM2.5 concentrations due to individual meteorological parameters were then quantified. T has a great influence on the daily maximum 8 h average O3 (O3-8 h) concentrations, which leads to O3-8 h increases by 1.7 in January in Chongqing and 1.1 ppb K−1 in July in Beijing. WS, AH, and PBLH have a smaller but notable influence on O3-8 h with maximum change rates of 0.3 ppb %−1, −0.15 ppb %−1, and 0.14 ppb %−1, respectively. T, WS, AH, and PBLH have important effects on PM2.5 formation of both in January and July. In general, PM2.5 sensitivities are negative to T, WS, and PBLH and positive to AH in most regions of China. The sensitivities in January are much larger than in July. PM2.5 sensitivity to T, WS, PBLH, and AH in January can be up to −5 µg m−3 K−1, −3 µg m−3 %−1, −1 µg m−3 %−1, and +0.6 µg m−3 %−1, respectively, and in July it can be up to −2 µg m−3 K−1, −0.4 µg m−3 %−1, −0.14 µg m−3 %−1, and +0.3 µg m−3 %−1, respectively. Other meteorological factors (CLW and PCP) have negligible effects on O3-8 h (less than 0.01 ppb %−1) and PM2.5 (less than 0.01 µg m−3 %−1). The results suggest that surface O3 and PM2.5 concentrations can change significantly due to changes in meteorological parameters, and it is necessary to consider these effects when developing emission control strategies in different regions of China.

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“…China has serious air pollution problems and fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) and ozone (O 3 ) are the two major air pollutants (Lin et al, 2010;Hu et al, 2016;Lu et al, 2019;Wu et al, 2019). The annual average PM 2.5 concentrations were higher than 50 µg m -3 in 26 out of the total 31 provincial capital cities in mainland China during 2013-2014 (Wang et al, 2014a), and the national 4 th highest daily maximum 8-hour average O 3 (O 3 -8h) is 86.0 ppb during the warm-seasons (April-September) in 2013-2017, which is 6.3-30% higher than that in other industrialized regions of the world (Lu et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity Analysis of the Surface Ozone and Fine Particulate Matter to Meteorological Parameters in China

Shi¹,

Hua²,

Li³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Meteorological conditions play important roles in the formation of ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5). China has been suffering from serious regional air pollution problems, characterized by high concentrations of surface O3 and PM2.5. In this study, the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model was used to quantify the sensitivity of surface O3 and PM2.5 to key meteorological parameters in different regions of China. Six meteorological parameters were perturbed to create different meteorological conditions, including temperature (T), wind speed (WS), absolute humidity (AH), planetary boundary layer height (PBLH), cloud liquid water content (CLW) and precipitation (PCP). Air quality simulations under the perturbed meteorological conditions were conducted in China in January and July of 2013. The changes in O3 and PM2.5 concentrations due to individual meteorological parameters were then quantified. T has the greatest impact on the daily maximum 8-h average O3 (O3-8 h) concentrations, which leads to O3-8 h increases by 1.7 ppb K−1 in January in Chongqing and 1.1 ppb K−1 in July in Beijing. WS, AH, and PBLH have a smaller but notable influence on O3-8 h with maximum change rates of 0.3, −0.15, and 0.14 ppb %−1, respectively. T, WS, AH, and PBLH have important effects on PM2.5 formation of in both January and July. In general, PM2.5 sensitivities are negative to T, WS, and PBLH and positive to AH in most regions of China. The sensitivities in January are much larger than in July. PM2.5 sensitivity to T, WS, PBLH, and AH in January can be up to −5 μg m−3 K−1, −3 μg m3 %−1, −1 g m−3, and +0.6 μg m−3 %−1, respectively, and in July can be up to −2 μg m−3 K−1, −0.4 μg m−3 %−1, −0.14 μg m−3 %−1, and +0.3 μg m−3 %−1, respectively. Other meteorological factors (CLW and PCP) have negligible effects on O3-8 h (less than 0.01 ppb %−1) and PM2.5 (less than 0.01 μg m−3 %−1). The results suggest that surface O3 and PM2.5 concentrations can change significantly due to changes in meteorological parameters and it is necessary to consider these effects when developing emission control strategies in different regions of China.

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Overview on the spatial–temporal characteristics of the ozone formation regime in China

Abstract: Ozone (O3), a main component in photochemical smog, is a secondary pollutant formed through complex photochemical reactions involving nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

Cited by 103 publications

References 69 publications

Wintertime Particulate Matter Decrease Buffered by Unfavorable Chemical Processes Despite Emissions Reductions in China

Wintertime Particulate Matter Decrease Buffered by Unfavorable Chemical Processes Despite Emissions Reductions in China

Sensitivity analysis of the surface ozone and fine particulate matter to meteorological parameters in China

Sensitivity Analysis of the Surface Ozone and Fine Particulate Matter to Meteorological Parameters in China

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