Overview on the Development of Chambers for the Study of Atmospheric Chemical Processes

Becker, K. H.

doi:10.1007/1-4020-4232-9_1

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Since, in the ambient, it is difficult to separate the chemistry from meteorology and other processes, closed systems have been developed since the late 1960s (Becker, 2006). While not totally artifact-free, these simulation chambers (or "smog chambers") provide a controlled environment to study the formation and the evolution of atmospheric pollutants, by isolating specific compounds of interest and controlling the oxidizing environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Initially, smog chamber experiments were essentially focused on the understanding of atmospheric oxidation mechanisms in the gas phase. This approach has been extremely useful to produce kinetic data, branching ratio and product distributions (Becker, 2006). Together with data arising from flow tubes or flash photolysis experiments, this knowledge allowed the scientific community to build complex numerical codes that led to the development of the models used to predict ozone formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The above section demonstrates the variety of possible characteristic combinations and how it may affect the field of operability of the chambers. For a more comprehensive review of the chambers in use in the atmospheric chemistry community, one may refer to Becker (2006), Seakins (2010 or to Finlayson-Pitts and Pitts Jr. (2000). In addition, an exhaustive description of the chambers in use in Europe can be found within the Eurochamp consortium (http://www.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design of a new multi-phase experimental simulation chamber for atmospheric photosmog, aerosol and cloud chemistry research

et al. 2011

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A new simulation chamber has been built at the Interuniversitary Laboratory of Atmospheric Systems (LISA). The CESAM chamber (French acronym for Experimental Multiphasic Atmospheric Simulation Chamber) is designed to allow research in multiphase atmospheric (photo-) chemistry which involves both gas phase and condensed phase processes including aerosol and cloud chemistry. CESAM has the potential to carry out variable temperature and pressure experiments under a very realistic artificial solar irradiation. It consists of a 4.2 m3 stainless steel vessel equipped with three high pressure xenon arc lamps which provides a controlled and steady environment. Initial characterization results, all carried out at 290–297 K under dry conditions, concerning lighting homogeneity, mixing efficiency, ozone lifetime, radical sources, NOy wall reactivity, particle loss rates, background PM, aerosol formation and cloud generation are given. Photolysis frequencies of NO2 and O3 related to chamber radiation system were found equal to (4.2 × 10−3 s−1) for JNO2 and (1.4 × 10−5 s−1) for JO1D which is comparable to the solar radiation in the boundary layer. An auxiliary mechanism describing NOy wall reactions has been developed. Its inclusion in the Master Chemical Mechanism allowed us to adequately model the results of experiments on the photo-oxidation of propene-NOx-Air mixtures. Aerosol yields for the α-pinene + O3 system chosen as a reference were determined and found in good agreement with previous studies. Particle lifetime in the chamber ranges from 10 h to 4 days depending on particle size distribution which indicates that the chamber can provide high quality data on aerosol aging processes and their effects. Being evacuable, it is possible to generate in this new chamber clouds by fast expansion or saturation with or without the presence of pre-existing particles, which will provide a multiphase environment for aerosol-droplet interaction

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design of a new multi-phase experimental simulation chamber for atmospheric photosmog, aerosol and cloud chemistry research

et al. 2011

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“…Some chambers are designed to be operated indoors (Doussin et al, 1997;Cocker et al, 2001;Saathoff et al, 2003;Carter et al, 2005;Paulsen et al, 2005;Presto et al, 2005;King et al, 2009;Wang et al, 2011;Hu et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2014); others are developed to be used outdoors (Jeffries et al, 1976;Becker, 1996;Klotz et al, 1998;Lee et al, 2004;Rohrer et al, 2005;Chung et al, 2008;Im et al, 2014;Ren et al, 2017). A few chamber systems have been designed to be portable (Shibuya et al, 1981;Hennigan et al, 2011;Bonn et al, 2013;Platt et al, 2013;Kaltsonoudis et al, 2019;Vu et al, 2019). Several comprehensive reviews of existing environmental chambers have been published (Becker, 2006;Lee et al, 2009;Seakins, 2010;Hidy, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Captive Aerosol Growth and Evolution (CAGE) chamber system to investigate particle growth due to secondary aerosol formation

et al. 2021

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Abstract. Environmental chambers are a commonly used tool for studying the production and processing of aerosols in the atmosphere. Most are located indoors and most are filled with air having prescribed concentrations of a small number of reactive gas species. Here we describe portable chambers that are used outdoors and filled with mostly ambient air. Each all-Teflon® 1 m3 Captive Aerosol Growth and Evolution (CAGE) chamber has a cylindrical shape that rotates along its horizontal axis. A gas-permeable membrane allows exchange of gas-phase species between the chamber and surrounding ambient air with an exchange time constant of approximately 0.5 h. The membrane is non-permeable to particles, and those that are injected into or nucleate in the chamber are exposed to the ambient-mirroring environment until being sampled or lost to the walls. The chamber and surrounding enclosure are made of materials that are highly transmitting across the solar ultraviolet and visible wavelength spectrum. Steps taken in the design and operation of the chambers to maximize particle lifetime resulted in averages of 6.0, 8.2, and 3.9 h for ∼ 0.06, ∼ 0.3, and ∼ 2.5 µm diameter particles, respectively. Two of the newly developed CAGE chamber systems were characterized using data acquired during a 2-month field study in 2016 in a forested area north of Houston, TX, USA. Estimations of measured and unmeasured gas-phase species and of secondary aerosol production in the chambers were made using a zero-dimensional model that treats chemical reactions in the chamber and the continuous exchange of gases with the surrounding air. Concentrations of NO, NO2, NOy, O3, and several organic compounds measured in the chamber were found to be in close agreement with those calculated from the model, with all having near 1.0 best fit slopes and high r2 values. The growth rates of particles in the chambers were quantified by tracking the narrow modes that resulted from injection of monodisperse particles and from occasional new particle formation bursts. Size distributions in the two chambers were measured intermittently 24 h d−1. A bimodal diel particle growth rate pattern was observed, with maxima of about 6 nm h−1 in the late morning and early evening and minima of less than 1 nm h−1 shortly before sunrise and sunset. A pattern change was observed for hourly averaged growth rates between late summer and early fall.

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“…A few chamber systems have been designed to be portable (Shibuya et al, 1981;Hennigan et al, 2011;Bonn et al, 2013;Platt et al, 2013;Kaltsonoudis et al, 2019;Vu et al, 2019). Several comprehensive reviews of existing environmental chambers have been published (Becker, 2006;Lee et al, 2009;70 Seakins, 2010;Hidy, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Captive Aerosol Growth and Evolution (CAGE) chamber system to investigate particle growth due to secondary aerosol formation

Sirmollo¹,

Collins²,

McCormick³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Environmental chambers are a commonly used tool for studying the production and processing of aerosols in the atmosphere. Most are located indoors and most are filled with air having prescribed concentrations of a small number of reactive gas species. Here we describe portable chambers that are used outdoors and filled with mostly ambient air. Each all-Teflon® 1-m3 Captive Aerosol Growth and Evolution (CAGE) chamber has a cylindrical shape that rotates along its horizontal axis. A gas-permeable membrane allows exchange of gas-phase species between the chamber and surrounding ambient air with a mixing time constant of approximately 0.5 h. The membrane non-permeable to particles, and those that are injected into or nucleate in the chamber are exposed to the ambient-mirroring environment until being sampled or lost to the walls. The chamber and surrounding enclosure are made of materials that are highly transmitting across the solar ultraviolet and visible wavelength spectrum. Steps taken in the design and operation of the chambers to maximize particle lifetime resulted in averages of 6.0 h, 8.2 h, and 3.9 h for ~0.06 µm, ~0.3 µm, and ~2.5 µm diameter particles, respectively. Two of the newly developed CAGE chamber systems were characterized using data acquired during a 2-month field study in 2016 in a forested area north of Houston, TX, U.S. Estimations of measured and unmeasured gas-phase species and of secondary aerosol production in the chambers were made using a zero-dimensional model that treats chemical reactions in the chamber and the continuous exchange of gases with the surrounding air. Concentrations of NO, NO2, NOy, O3, and several organic compounds measured in the chamber were found to be in close agreement with those calculated from the model, with all having near 1.0 best fit slopes and high r2 values. The growth rates of particles in the chambers were quantified by tracking the narrow modes that resulted from injection of monodisperse particles and from occasional new particle formation bursts. Size distributions in the two chambers were measured intermittently 24 h day−1. A bimodal diel particle growth rate pattern was observed, with maxima of about 6 nm h−1 in the late morning and early evening and minima of less than 1 nm h−1 shortly before sunrise and sunset. A pattern change was observed for hourly averaged growth rates between late summer and early fall.

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Overview on the Development of Chambers for the Study of Atmospheric Chemical Processes

Cited by 15 publications

References 44 publications

Design of a new multi-phase experimental simulation chamber for atmospheric photosmog, aerosol and cloud chemistry research

Design of a new multi-phase experimental simulation chamber for atmospheric photosmog, aerosol and cloud chemistry research

Captive Aerosol Growth and Evolution (CAGE) chamber system to investigate particle growth due to secondary aerosol formation

Captive Aerosol Growth and Evolution (CAGE) chamber system to investigate particle growth due to secondary aerosol formation

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