Overview of Zoonotic Diseases in Turkey: The One Health Concept and Future Threats

Abstract

Zoonotic infections are globally important diseases and lead to huge economic losses in both low-and middle-income and high-income countries. Global warming, environmental and ecological changes, illegal movement of animals and humans, regional civil wars, and poverty are predisposing factors for the emergence of zoonotic infections and their distribution worldwide; they are also a big threat for the future. In addition, environmental pollution and antimicrobial resistance are immense serious threats and dangers to prevent and control zoonotic infections. The natural location of Turkey allows many emerged or re-emerged infections with zoonotic characteristics by animal movements, such as bird immigrations, and by human movements due to civil wars as seen with regional refugees. Numerous zoonotic diseases, including 37 bacterial, 13 fungal, 29 viral, 28 parasitic (3 trematodes, 7 cestodes, 10 nematodes, and 8 protozoan), and totally 107 infections, have been reported from Turkey to date. Additionally, many ectoparasitic zoonoses within 15 different arthropod groups and one leech infestation have been reported from Turkey to date. The "One Health" initiative is particularly relevant for developing strategies to combat zoonotic diseases. In this article, we review the occurrence of zoonotic diseases in man and animals in Turkey in the light of the "One Health" perspective.

Positioning zoonotic disease research in forced migration: a systematic literature review of theoretical frameworks and approaches

“…One Health approaches in this study were most commonly described as frameworks for either a) exploring eco-social processes driving infectious disease emergence and spread in human and animal populations [27], or b) tools for program development [28]. In this review, One Health approaches were specifically applied to the behavior and movement of reservoir species for zoonotic disease pathogens [46, 47], and the exploration of zoonotic disease risks from poverty and poor hygiene [48]. These studies varied in location, population, and depth, ranging from granular explorations of respiratory infections in Kenyan and Thai refugee settlements [28] and Ebola in Congolese refugees in Ugandan camps [49], to more macro-level evaluations of Rift Valley Fever [46] and Nipah [50].…”

The First Report of Trichinella britovi in Armenia

“…Several outbreaks of human trichinellosis have been reported in Turkey, Antalya province ( 9 ), Izmir province and in Bursa province, all due to consumption of meat infected by T. britovi ( 10 , 11 ). Additionally, in Turkey, T. spiralis was found in domestic and wild boars and in pork products.…”

Positioning zoonotic disease research in forced migration: A systematic literature review of theoretical frameworks and approaches

“…One Health approaches in this study were most commonly described as frameworks for either a) exploring eco-social processes driving infectious disease emergence and spread in human and animal populations [42], or b) tools for program development [47]. In this review, One Health approaches were specifically applied to the behavior and movement of reservoir species for zoonotic disease pathogens [39,40], and the exploration of zoonotic disease risks from poverty and poor hygiene [82]. These studies varied in location, population, and depth, ranging from granular explorations of respiratory infections in Kenyan and Thai refugee settlements [47] and Ebola in Congolese refugees in Ugandan camps [48], to more macro-level evaluations of Rift Valley Fever [40] and Nipah [39].…”