Overview of Walnut Culture in China

BaoJun, Zhao; Yong-hong, Gong; Huang, Liqun

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2010.861.3

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Little effort has been made to develop or identify walnut cultivars or varieties that are resistant to R. completa attack. However, there is considerable potential for variation in vulnerability, considering that there are more than 350 walnut cultivars in the world that vary widely in size, shape, phenology, and other characteristics (Paunovic, 1990; Mehmet & Beyhan, 1993; Solar et al., 1997; Vasilescu & Botu, 1997; Wertheim, 1997; Baojun & Yonghong, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of walnut cultivar on infestation by Rhagoletis completa: behavioural and management implications

Guillén

Aluja

Rull

et al. 2011

Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata

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The walnut husk fly, Rhagoletis completa Cresson (Diptera: Tephritidae), has recently invaded Switzerland, Austria, Germany, and France, probably crossing the alpine divide after its initial introduction into Italy. Here, the susceptibility of 36 walnut [Juglans regia L. (Juglandaceae)] cultivars to attack by R. completa was studied in an experimental orchard in Switzerland. Walnut cultivars differed significantly in infestation rates; cultivars that produced large, heavy fruit harboured significantly more larvae than cultivars that produced smaller fruit. Pupal weight was significantly influenced by cultivar, but not by any of the physical properties that we measured. For individual fruit within a cultivar, pupal weight was weakly related to fruit weight and infestation level. Adult longevity was correlated with pupal weight and appeared to be favoured in flies that developed in large‐fruit cultivars. The longevities of adults recovered from different cultivars differed significantly. The shortest longevity was recorded for flies recovered from Geisenheim 1049 (39.2 ± 2.80 days) and the longest for flies recovered from Sheinovo (68.8 ± 21.75 days). Differences in diapause length were also highly significant and varied between 167 ± 5.1 (Esterhazy III) and 257.4 ± 8.21 days (Mayette). These results suggest that (1) across and within cultivars, walnut husk flies prefer to infest (i.e., they develop better in) large, heavy fruit, and (2) offspring that develop in large fruit are likely to accrue fitness advantages over the offspring of females using smaller fruit. Our results provide the basis for subsequent studies on resource defence by males, as they enable a prediction of which type of fruit males should defend more vigorously.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of walnut cultivar on infestation by Rhagoletis completa: behavioural and management implications

Guillén

Aluja

Rull

et al. 2011

Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata

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“…In Turkey, researchers have pointed out that in the studied walnut genotypes, the kernel ratio was 40-60% [26] and 45.66-67.14% [27]. Yarigac et al [24], show in their study a kernel percentage between 49.09% and 59.27%.…”

Section: Physical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Physical, Nutritional and Functional Properties of Walnuts Genotypes (Juglans regia L.) from Romania

et al. 2021

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Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is the oldest fruit grown in the world and grows spontaneously almost throughout Romania. In this study, the physical properties and chemical composition of twenty types of walnuts from three different locations in Romania were studied. The physical analyzes that were performed were: walnut dimensions and shape properties (nut diameter, nut length, nut shape and nut size), fruit properties (walnut weight, walnut kernel weight and percentage of kernel) and external properties of walnut (walnut kernel extraction, kernel color and shell roughness). The proximate chemical composition (content of water, ash, lipids, proteins and carbohydrates) was determined by standardized AOAC methods, while fatty compounds were determined by GSMS. Water content ranged from 1.23% to 5.00%, mineral content between 1.31% and 2.49%, lipids content between 56.09% and 66.56% and protein content ranged between 12.73% and 20.413%. Based on these, the carbohydrate content and nutritional value of the 20 walnut samples were calculated. In all samples, saturated palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0) as well as unsaturated oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2) and linolenic (C18:3) fatty acids were determined. A statistical analysis was also performed correlating the results obtained from the chemical analyzes of the walnuts.

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“…In the present study, the kernel ratio was calculated to range from 15.76% to 96.73% ( Table 2). The kernel ratio was reported to vary between 45.7% and 67.1% in Turkish cultivars (Aslantaş, 2006), 38.4% and 79.6% in Iranian walnuts (Arzani et al, 2008), 51% and 70% in Chinese walnut cultivars (Baojun et al, 2009), and 23.6% and 71.7% in Romanian cultivars (Cosmulescu and Botu, 2012). Therefore, this study demonstrates a large variation in the kernel ratio in walnut germplasm.…”

Section: Nut Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association mapping of several nut characters in walnut (Juglansregia L.)

Orman¹,

Ateş²,

Ozkuru³

et al. 2020

Turk J Agric For

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Introduction Walnut (Juglans regia L., 2n = 32, ~ 606 Mb per 1 C genome) is a monoecious, dichogamous, wind-pollinated, long-lived, perennial tree species belonging to the family Juglandaceae (Zhu et al., 2015). After cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) and almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb], walnut is the third most widely planted nut tree worldwide with a global annual production (with shell) of around 2.2 × 10 6 metric tons 1. Turkey is the fourth largest walnut-producing country in the world after China, USA, and Iran 1. The kernel of walnut has a high economic impact on the food industry and is very popular and valued around the world due to its health-related, sensorial, and nutritional properties (Martinez et al., 2010). Many researchers have demonstrated the beneficial health effects of human diet supplemented by walnut due to its high protein, oil vitamin and mineral content (Dzhafarova et al., 2009; Martinez et al., 2010). Recent research also suggests that in addition to nuts, the extracts of walnut leaves have a positive impact on lipid metabolism and decrease blood sugar levels in human beings (Dzhafarova et al., 2009). On the other hand, leaves, shells, green walnuts, kernels, and bark of walnut tree have been used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Fresh leaves of walnut are utilized for the treatment of skin inflammations, ulcers, and hyperhidrosis in the pharmaceutical industry and for their antiseptic, anthelmintic, astringent, and antidiarrheal properties in folk medicine, and dry walnut leaves are used as infusions. Additionally, green husk of walnut is the basic material for the conventional liqueur of walnut, and shells are used as a filtration medium for the separation of crude oil from water. As a result of these great health benefits and commercial importance of walnut, detection of its genetic diversity and relationships among accessions has become significant topics in studies on germplasm conservation and plant breeding (Pereira et al., 2007). In Turkey, nongrafted walnut seedlings had been used in new walnut plantations until the beginning of 1970s and commercial walnut orchards were established with

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Overview of Walnut Culture in China

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Influence of walnut cultivar on infestation by Rhagoletis completa: behavioural and management implications

Influence of walnut cultivar on infestation by Rhagoletis completa: behavioural and management implications

Physical, Nutritional and Functional Properties of Walnuts Genotypes (Juglans regia L.) from Romania

Association mapping of several nut characters in walnut (Juglansregia L.)

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