Overview of Urinary Tract Infections

Lo, Joey; Choi, Way Ho; Chan, Justin; Lange, Dirk

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-17732-8_2

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 64 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Although both genders are susceptible to the infection, women are mostly vulnerable due to their anatomy and reproductive physiology (Vasudevan, 2014). The commonest pathogens associated with UTI include Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus, particularly S. saprophyticus (Lo et al, 2016). It is believed that UTI develops when these bacteria from the intestinal flora sequentially colonize the perineum, vagina, urethra and bladder, and sometimes the kidneys as well, through vesicoureteral reflux (Hopkins et al, 1995;Nosseir et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2020

Microbiol Res Int

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Urinary tract infection (UTI) remains one of the commonest clinical problems presenting to medical practitioners. UTIs are frequently treated with antibiotics, which has exacerbated the emergence of resistant strains among uropathogens. Consequently, there is increasing interest in the development of safe alternatives to antibiotics. The use of probiotics has been advocated as a plausible alternative to antibiotics, but questions remain as to their mode of application. This study was therefore conducted to evaluate the ability of Lactobacillus (L.) plantarum, inoculated intraurethrally into rats, to inhibit the establishment of UTI by selected multidrug-resistant uropathogens [E. coli and Klebsiella (K.) pneumonia]. Nine-week old, male, albino rats, were either infected and then treated with L. plantarum or inoculated with L. plantarum before infection. UTI was monitored by determination of bacterial counts from the rats' urine over a period of 14 days, direct culture from-and histological examination of sections of bladder and kidneys of the animals after sacrifice. In untreated rats, both E. coli and K. pneumonia established UTI in the rats within 4 days, with bacterial counts, in urine, increasing from 10 4 CFU/ml to about 10 6 CFU/ml, over the course of 14 days. The infections were accompanied by inflammatory changes in both the bladder and kidneys and bacteria were recovered from sections of the kidneys after sacrifice. In animals infected and then treated with L. plantarum, the numbers of the pathogens in urine decreased significantly (p < 0.005) to less than 10 3 CFU/ml, while pre-colonization of the bladder with L. plantarum before infection resulted in complete inhibition of the uropathogens. No pathological changes were observed in the urinary organs of the treated rats. These results therefore show that L. plantarum can colonize the bladder safely and serve as an effective means of control of UTI.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2020

Microbiol Res Int

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Defining Dysbiosis in Patients with Urolithiasis

Zampini

Nguyen

Rose

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The prevalence of urinary stone disease (USD) is rapidly rising. However, the factors driving this increase are unknown. Recent microbiome studies suggest that dysbiosis may in part contribute to the increasing prevalence. The objective of the current study was to determine the nature and location of dysbiosis associated with USD. We conducted microbiome analysis from the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts, along with a metabolomic analysis of the urinary metabolome, from subjects with an active episode of USD or no history of the disease. Higher rates of antibiotic use among USD patients along with integrated microbiome and metabolomic results support the hypothesis that USD is associated with an antibiotic-driven shift in the microbiome from one that protects against USD to one that promotes the disease. Specifically, our study implicates urinary tract Lactobacillus and Enterobacteriaceae in protective and pathogenic roles for USD, respectively, which conventional, culture-based methods of bacterial analysis from urine and kidney stones would not necessarily detect. Results suggest that antibiotics produce a long-term shift in the microbiome that may increase the risk for USD, with the urinary tract microbiome holding more relevance for USD than the gut microbiome.

show abstract

Overview of Urinary Tract Infections

Cited by 2 publications

References 64 publications

Untitled

Untitled

Defining Dysbiosis in Patients with Urolithiasis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About