Overview of toxicological data on Riffabutin

Scampini, Giovanna; Aj, Newman; Castellino, Stephen; Sammartini, U; Mazué, G

doi:10.1016/s0940-2993(11)80273-3

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Like other rifamycin derivatives, rifabutin causes discoloration of the urine, and may cause an orange/tan discoloration of the skin in patients with AIDS receiving prolonged treatment 23 . Other reported adverse events include rash (3%), nausea/vomiting (0.4%), neutropenia (0.4%), anaemia (0.4%) and, rarely, clinically important impairment of liver function 23, 79 . In studies in which rifabutin was administered to treat non‐ H. pylori infections, the rate of adverse effects was approximately of 30% 80 .…”

Section: Tolerability Of Rifabutinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review article: rifabutin in the treatment of refractory Helicobacter pylori infection

Gisbert

Calvet

2011

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

172

161

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Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 35: 209–221 Summary Background Even with the current most effective treatment regimens, a relevant proportion of patients will fail to eradicate Helicobacter pylori infection. Aim To evaluate the role of rifabutin in the treatment of H. pylori infection. Methods Bibliographical searches were performed in MEDLINE. Data on the efficacy of rifabutin‐containing regimens on H. pylori eradication were combined and meta‐analysed using the generic inverse variance method. Results Rifabutin shows good in vitro activity against H. pylori. Mean H. pylori rifabutin resistance rate (calculated from 11 studies including 2982 patients) was 1.3% (95% confidence interval = 0.9–1.7%). When only studies including patients naïve to H. pylori eradication treatment were considered, this figure was even lower (0.6%). On the other hand, higher values of rifabutin resistance were calculated (1.59%) when only post‐treatment patients were considered. Overall, mean H. pylori eradication rate (intention‐to‐treat analysis) with rifabutin‐containing regimens (1008 patients) was 73% (67–79%). Respective cure rates for second‐line (223 patients), third‐line (342 patients) and fourth/fifth‐line (95 patients) rifabutin therapies were 79% (67–92%), 66% (55–77%) and 70% (60–79%) respectively. For treating H. pylori infection, almost all studies have administered rifabutin 300 mg/day; this dose seems to be more effective than 150 mg/day. The ideal length of treatment remains unclear, but 10‐ to 12‐day regimens are generally recommended. The mean rate of adverse effects was 22% (19–25%). Myelotoxicity is the most significant, although this complication was rare. Until now, all patients have recovered of leucopenia uneventfully in a few days, and there have been no reports of infection or other adverse outcomes related to it. Conclusion Rifabutin‐containing rescue therapy constitutes an encouraging strategy after multiple (usually three) previous eradication failures with key antibiotics such as amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole, tetracycline and levofloxacin.

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Section: Tolerability Of Rifabutinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review article: rifabutin in the treatment of refractory Helicobacter pylori infection

Gisbert

Calvet

2011

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

172

161

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“…Anterior segment deposits in combination with retinal dysfunction however, have not previously been reported as a potential adverse effect of rifabutin medication. Toxicological studies of rats receiving rifabutin have previously demonstrated brown deposits in many organs of these animals (Brughera et al. 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Toxicological studies on animals treated with the drug have demonstrated brownish deposits in several organs. Histology and electron microscopy have shown that these deposits consist of a lipofuscin-like material (Brughera et al 1995). Retinal pathology has previously been reported in a patient with resolved retinal vasculitis (Arevalo et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

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Retinal dysfunction and anterior segment deposits in a patient treated with rifabutin

Ponjavic

Gränse

Stigmar

et al. 2002

Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica

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ABSTRACT.Purpose: To describe the clinical and electrophysiological findings in a young boy with decreased vision possibly due to retinal damage by rifabutin. Methods: An 8-year-old boy with osteomyelitis was referred due to visual disturbance. During a period of 4 years, the boy was examined six times with electroretinography. Ophthalmological examination included testing of visual acuity, slit-lamp inspection, fundus inspection, fundus photography and kinetic perimetry. Two electrophysiological methods were performed for objective evaluation of retinal function, namely full-field electroretinography and multifocal electroretinography. Results: We found a slightly reduced visual acuity, a slowly increasing amount of yellow-white deposits on the posterior surface of the cornea and on the anterior part of the lens, a normal fundus appearance, and normal visual fields. However, the electroretinogram was abnormal on several occasions during therapy with rifabutin, but returned to normal 3 months after withdrawal of the medication. The multifocal electroretinogram returned to normal after the fullfield electroretinogram had done so. The anterior chamber deposits still remain. Conclusion: Long-term treatment with rifabutin may have a reversible and previously undescribed side-effect on retinal function. The drug may also accumulate irreversibly on the posterior surface of the cornea and on the anterior surface of the lens. We suggest that objective evaluation of retinal function with electrophysiological methods should be performed in patients with visual disturbance during treatment with rifabutin.

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“…Although this was not anticipated, in retrospect it is possible to ascertain why this happened. Previous studies have demonstrated that the LD 50's for female mice are 3,322 mg/kg (confidence limits = 2,946-3,747 mg/kg) for the oral route and 266 mg/kg (confidence limits = 255-278 mg/kg) for the intravenous route (Brughera et al 1995). To our knowledge no such figures have been published for intraperitoneal administration, thus it was not possible to judge the precise blood levels of rifabutin achievable with this route of delivery.…”

Section: Effectiveness Of Rifabutin-loaded Microspheres In Mac-infectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Rifabutin-Loaded Microspheres for Treatment ofMycobacterium Avium-Infected Macrophages and Mice

Barrow

Quenelle

et al. 2007

Drug Delivery

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Overview of toxicological data on Riffabutin

Cited by 20 publications

References 5 publications

Review article: rifabutin in the treatment of refractory Helicobacter pylori infection

Review article: rifabutin in the treatment of refractory Helicobacter pylori infection

Retinal dysfunction and anterior segment deposits in a patient treated with rifabutin

Efficacy of Rifabutin-Loaded Microspheres for Treatment ofMycobacterium Avium-Infected Macrophages and Mice

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