Overview of the recent advances in lignocellulose liquefaction for producing biofuels, bio-based materials and chemicals

Kim, Jae‐Young; Lee, Hyung Won; Lee, Soo Min; Jae, Jungho; Park, Young-Kwon

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.055

Cited by 193 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…[5] On the other hand, liquefaction, in which lignocellulose is depolymerized and partially deoxygenated in a liquid solvent, [6] is suitable for process integration and novel process intensification techniques. [7] However, pyrolysis and liquefaction produce complex liquids, which are unsuitable as fuels and further upgrading processes are necessary. Currently, the most common upgrading process is hydrotreatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[45] Liquid-phase HDO with an organic solvent might be advantageous for process integration with biomass liquefaction or solvolysis. [6,7] In general, aromatic products are interesting as potential jet fuel components. [46] Additionally, lignin-derived aromatics could also be an important source of industrial chemicals, pharmaceuticals and polymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liquid‐phase Hydrodeoxygenation of 4‐Propylphenol to Propylbenzene: Reducible Supports for Pt Catalysts

et al. 2020

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Pyrolysis and liquefaction biocrudes obtained from lignocellulose are rich in phenolic compounds that can be converted to renewable aromatics. In this study, Pt catalysts on reducible metal oxide supports (Nb2O5, TiO2), along with irreducible ZrO2 as a reference, were investigated in the liquid‐phase hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of 4‐propylphenol (350 °C, 20 bar H2, organic solvent). The most active catalyst was Pt/Nb2O5, which led to the molar propylbenzene selectivity of 77 %, and a yield of 75 % (98 % conversion). Reducible metal oxide supports provided an increased activity and selectivity to the aromatic product compared to ZrO2, and the obtained results are among the best reported in liquid‐phase. The reusability of the spent catalysts was also studied. The spent Pt/Nb2O5 catalyst provided the lowest conversion, while the product distribution of the spent Pt/ZrO2 catalyst changed towards oxygenates. The results highlight the potential of pyrolysis or liquefaction biocrudes as a source of aromatic chemicals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid‐phase Hydrodeoxygenation of 4‐Propylphenol to Propylbenzene: Reducible Supports for Pt Catalysts

et al. 2020

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“…A large number of biomass conversion technologies have been developed for the production of biofuels, including biodiesel from vegetable oils [4] and bioethanol from sugar-containing plants [5], which are considered as the first-generation of biofuels. Biofuels produced from lignocellulose feedstock [6] are considered second-generation biofuels as they come from non-food crops. The production of first generation biofuels determines significant costs due to limited feedstock species, while the second generation biofuels overcome the problem of feedstock availability related to the first generation biofuels and present a further preferable variety of feedstocks [7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, anaerobic digestion is a biological process where the wet biomass such as food waste and sewage sludge is converted to biogas in the absence of oxygen [13,14], whereas wood and other forms of biomass can be converted to biofuel using thermochemical routes such as combustion, gasification, and pyrolysis [1,[14][15][16][17][18][19]. Pyrolysis is known as a process of thermal degradation of organic materials to vapor in the absence of oxygen, where the large hydrocarbon molecules decomposed to several smaller ones [6]. If the pyrolysis performs in the presence of subcritical water, it is generally called hydrous pyrolysis or hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) or wet pyrolysis [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oil from Hardwood and Softwood Lignin

2020

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The depletion of fossil fuel reserves and the increase of greenhouse gases (GHG) emission have led to moving towards alternative, renewable, and sustainable energy sources. Lignin is one of the significant, renewable and sustainable energy sources of biomass and pyrolysis is one of the most promising technologies that can convert lignocellulosic biomass to bio-oil. This study focuses on the production and characterization of bio-oil from hardwood and softwood lignin via pyrolysis process using a bench-scale batch reactor. In this study, a mixed solvent extraction method with different polarities was developed to fractionate different components of bio-crude oil into three fractions. The obtained fractions were characterized by using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GCMS). The calculated bio-oil yields from Sigma Kraft lignin and Chouka Kraft lignin were about 30.2% and 24.4%, respectively. The organic solvents, e.g., toluene, methanol, and water were evaluated for chemical extraction from bio-oil, and it was found that the efficiency of solvents is as follows: water > methanol > toluene. In both types of the bio-oil samples, phenolic compounds were found to be the most abundant chemical groups which include phenol, 2-methoxy, 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol and phenol, 4-ethyl-2-methoxy that is due to the structure and the originality of lignin, which is composed of phenyl propane units with one or two methoxy groups (O-CH3) on the aromatic ring.

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“…Strong attempts of commercialization of biofuels, as well as the development of compatible engines have evolved to advanced levels. Various feedstocks, such as lignocellulosic biomass (forestry residues, agricultural residues and energy crops), wastes (municipal solid waste, sewage sludge, refuse-derived fuels, animal manure, and industrial wastes), and algae, have been tested as sources in pyrolysis, gasification, liquefaction and anaerobic digestion (fermentation) to produce biofuels (biodiesel, bio-oil, bioethanol, biogas, hydrogen and/or syngas) [1][2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gasification of Waste Cooking Oil to Syngas by Thermal Arc Plasma

et al. 2019

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The depletion and usage of fossil fuels causes environmental issues and alternative fuels and technologies are urgently required. Therefore, thermal arc water vapor plasma for a fast and robust waste/biomass treatment is an alternative to the syngas method. Waste cooking oil (WCO) can be used as an alternative potential feedstock for syngas production. The goal of this experimental study was to conduct experiments gasifying waste cooking oil to syngas. The WCO was characterized in order to examine its properties and composition in the conversion process. The WCO gasification system was quantified in terms of the produced gas concentration, the H2/CO ratio, the lower heating value (LHV), the carbon conversion efficiency (CCE), the energy conversion efficiency (ECE), the specific energy requirements (SER), and the tar content in the syngas. The best gasification process efficiency was obtained at the gasifying agent-to-feedstock (S/WCO) ratio of 2.33. At this ratio, the highest concentration of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, the H2/CO ratio, the LHV, the CCE, the ECE, the SER, and the tar content were 47.9%, 22.42%, 2.14, 12.7 MJ/Nm3, 41.3% 85.42%, 196.2 kJ/mol (or 1.8 kWh/kg), and 0.18 g/Nm3, respectively. As a general conclusion, it can be stated that the thermal arc-plasma method used in this study can be effectively used for waste cooking oil gasification to high quality syngas with a rather low content of tars.

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Overview of the recent advances in lignocellulose liquefaction for producing biofuels, bio-based materials and chemicals

Cited by 193 publications

References 96 publications

Liquid‐phase Hydrodeoxygenation of 4‐Propylphenol to Propylbenzene: Reducible Supports for Pt Catalysts

Liquid‐phase Hydrodeoxygenation of 4‐Propylphenol to Propylbenzene: Reducible Supports for Pt Catalysts

Characterization of Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oil from Hardwood and Softwood Lignin

Gasification of Waste Cooking Oil to Syngas by Thermal Arc Plasma

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