Overview of the Process of Enzymatic Transformation of Biomass

Singh, Namita; Devi, Anita; Bishnoi, Manju Bala; Jaryal, Rajneesh; Dahiya, Avni; Tashyrev, Oleksandr; Hovorukha, Vira

doi:10.5772/intechopen.85036

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…The kinetics of polysaccharide hydrolysis are largely governed by the extent to which glycosidic bonds are exposed, which can be measured as the surface area accessible to enzymes 120 . For this reason, a pretreatment process is almost always required to remove lignin and hemicellulose to expose more of the cellulose surface and decrease its crystallinity 28,84,121 . Enzymatic depoly merization does not give degradation products and pro ceeds under mild conditions, making this method the preferred industrial process in biorefineries.…”

Section: Cellulose Depolymerization In Concentrated Acid and Ionic Li...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stabilization strategies in biomass depolymerization using chemical functionalization

et al. 2020

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A central feature of most lignocellulosic-biomass-valorization strategies is the depolymerization of all its three major constituents: cellulose and hemicellulose to simple sugars, and lignin to phenolic monomers. However, reactive intermediates, generally resulting from dehydration reactions, can participate in undesirable condensation pathways during biomass deconstruction, which have posed fundamental challenges to commercial biomass valorization. Thus, new strategies specifically aim to suppress condensations of reactive intermediates, either avoiding their formation by functionalizing the native structure or intermediates or selectively transforming these intermediates into stable derivatives. These strategies have provided unforeseen upgrading pathways, products and process solutions. In this Review , we outline the molecular driving forces that shape the deconstruction landscape and describe the strategies for chemical functionalization. We then offer an outlook on further developments and the potential of these strategies to sustainably produce renewable-platform chemicals.

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Section: Cellulose Depolymerization In Concentrated Acid and Ionic Li...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stabilization strategies in biomass depolymerization using chemical functionalization

et al. 2020

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“…Chemically pretreated pine and poplar wood [53], sawdust mixture [126], hemp [126], spruce [133], olive wastes [131], and paper mulberry wood [115] were subjected to an enzymatic hydrolysis step separate from the fermentation phase, while chemically pretreated poplar wood, pine wood [50,68], and furniture boards [114] were subjected to SSF. In the study led by Bay et al [53], the structural analyses confirmed that amorphous parts are broken down by enzymes before the crystalline parts [180][181][182]. This is due to the fact that glycosidic bonds exist within the crystalline fraction and are less reactive to hydrolysis [183].…”

Section: Enzymatic Hydrolysis Of Woody Biomass After Chemical Ptmentioning

confidence: 96%

Bioethanol Production from Woody Biomass: Recent Advances on the Effect of Pretreatments on the Bioconversion Process and Energy Yield Aspects

et al. 2023

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As greenhouse gas emissions are continuously increasing, research is now privileging greener and more sustainable human activities. An attractive strategy in the pursuit of sustainability is the valorization of lignocellulosic biomasses for the production of bioethanol. This approach relies on the bioconversion of wood and agricultural waste, which are abundant globally. They represent considerable sources of fermentable sugars that can be recovered through enzymatic hydrolysis. However, the presence of lignin in wood waste makes it more recalcitrant to enzymatic hydrolysis, and reduces the efficiency of the bioconversion process. Therefore, a pretreatment preceding hydrolysis is highly necessary in order to disrupt the resistant structure of woody biomass. The type and severity of the pretreatment affect the outcomes of the hydrolysis and fermentation steps, just as they strongly influence the overall process costs. Given this context, bioenergy production from this biomass is a promising alternative method of sustainably responding to energy demands while reducing the amounts of waste left in nature. The aim of this review is to thoroughly compare the recent bioconversion processes performed on woody substrates over the past five years, with a focus on thermomechanical pretreatments. Moreover, this review will discuss the outcomes of their separate steps, their impact on the overall process, and their energetic aspects.

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“…Similarly, recycling of one ton of printing or copying paper saves nearly two tons of wood, [256]. The paper manufacturing industry significantly uses the lignocellulose-containing sources.…”

Section: Cellulases In Paper Manufacturing Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bio-bleaching using enzymes is an important replacement to avoid environmental pollution. The elimination of intransigent lignin is carried out from the pulp, a process known as bleaching used to make the paper brighter and whiter paper [256]. Many paper mills globally use chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ) as a bleaching agent for the manufacturing of top-quality white paper.…”

Section: Cellulases In Paper Manufacturing Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cellulase: Distribution, Production, Characterization and Industrial Applications

Maravi

Kumar

2021

BJI

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Cellulase enzyme complex is comprised of three enzymes namely exo-glucanase, endo-glucanase and β-glucosidase which act synergistically to deconstruct cellulosic biomass in order to produce fermentable sugars. The enzymes are produced naturally by the living organisms such as bacteria, fungi and algae. The majority of microorganisms that live in extreme environments including hot/cold springs, rumen stomach, deep ocean trench, acidic/alkaline pH environment, have been regarded as appealing producers of cellulase. Cellulases produced by microorganisms have enormous applications in different industries such as agriculture, food and feed production, brewing, textile, laundry and biofuel production. Scientists as well as industry researchers consider cellulases as a prospective candidate for further studies due to the intricacy of the enzyme system and massive industrial potential. Scientific belief in its production and further studies challenges are receiving greater attention these days, notably in the intent of decreasing its production cost at the industrial scale. In this review, future possibilities of using cellulase for various industrial applications are also addressed.

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Overview of the Process of Enzymatic Transformation of Biomass

Cited by 6 publications

References 103 publications

Stabilization strategies in biomass depolymerization using chemical functionalization

Stabilization strategies in biomass depolymerization using chemical functionalization

Bioethanol Production from Woody Biomass: Recent Advances on the Effect of Pretreatments on the Bioconversion Process and Energy Yield Aspects

Cellulase: Distribution, Production, Characterization and Industrial Applications

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