Overview of the neuropsychological assessment of dementia in intellectual disability

Margallo-Lana, Marisa; Tyrer, Stephen; Moore, P. A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-84800-249-4_1

Cited by 3 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…This is probably one of the reasons why neuropsychological assessments so far have rarely been applied in clinical practice. (Evenhuis, 1996, 2018; Margallo‐Lana et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…McCarron et al (2017) reported risk for dementia being 23% at age 50 years, 45% at age 55 years and 88% at age 65 years. The cognitive decline in persons with Down syndrome is most likely caused by Alzheimer's disease, the most common type of dementia in this population (Margallo‐Lana et al, 2009; Startin et al, 2019; Startin et al, 2019). The genetic disorder with triplication of chromosome 21 is associated with overexpression of β‐amyloid precursor protein and S100B (an astrocyte‐derived cytokine) (Mrak & Griffin, 2004; Schupf, 2002) and the expression of apolipoprotein Eε4 allele (Coppus et al, 2008; Percy et al, 2003; Schupf, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The diagnosis of dementia includes a thorough clinical assessment to rule out treatable causes of cognitive decline, such as hypothyroidism, vitamin deficiency, brain tumours or infections (Dilling, 2010). In addition to a clinical neurological examination, the assessment encompasses neuro‐imaging, blood samples, an examination of the cerebrospinal fluid, and an electroencephalography, as well as standardised neuropsychological testing, which further increases the diagnostic security (Ball et al, 2004; Burt et al, 2000; Margallo‐Lana et al, 2009). Furthermore, in persons with intellectual disability, the diagnostic process requires sequential assessments to ascertain the cognitive decline and the possible diagnosis of dementia (Margallo‐Lana et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of dementia in a clinical sample of persons with intellectual disability

Rösner

Berger

Tarasova

et al. 2021

Research Intellect Disabil

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Background Assessment of age‐associated disorders has become increasingly important. Methods In a clinical setting, people with intellectual disability with and without dementia were assessed retrospectively using the Neuropsychological Test Battery (NTB) and the Dementia Questionnaire for People with Learning Disabilities (DLD) at two different times to analyse neuropsychological changes and diagnostic validity. One group (n = 44) was assessed with both instruments, while the DLD was applied in 71 patients. Results In the NTB (n = 44), only patients with dementia (n = 26) showed a decline in the NTB total score and three subscales. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed a diagnostic sensitivity of .67, a specificity of .81, and an area under the curve (AUC) of .767. In the DLD group (n = 71), only those with dementia displayed a decrease in the cognitive and social scale; diagnostic sensitivity and specificity values were low (.61/.63) and the AUC was .704. Conclusions Neuropsychological assessment was sensitive to detect cognitive changes over time. Sensitivity values of both instruments suggest a reassessment at a later time point.

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“…This is probably one of the reasons why neuropsychological assessments so far have rarely been applied in clinical practice. (Evenhuis, 1996, 2018; Margallo‐Lana et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of dementia in a clinical sample of persons with intellectual disability

Rösner

Berger

Tarasova

et al. 2021

Research Intellect Disabil

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“…The present review identified a multitude of measures used to assess cognitive change in those with DS—36 separate measures and tasks were used across the 19 studies. The Dementia Questionnaire for Learning Difficulties (DLD—previously referred to as the Dementia Questionnaire for Persons with Mental Retardation, or DMR) [ 39 , 40 , 41 ] was the most frequently used measure, appearing in seven studies [ 4 , 8 , 38 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ]. The frequent use of the DLD may reflect its recommendation by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence—Social Care Institute for Excellence in the UK [ 46 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The DLD [ 39 , 40 , 41 ] revealed good psychometric properties in studies with participants with both DS as other ID. Eight studies used the DLD [ 47 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of Cognitive Changes in Adults with Intellectual Disabilities: A Systematic Review

et al. 2020

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Background and Aims: Screening and assessment of cognitive changes in adults with Intellectual Disabilities (ID), mainly Down Syndrome (DS), is crucial to offer appropriate services to their needs. We present a systematic review of the existing instruments assessing dementia, aiming to support researchers and clinicians’ best practice. Methods: Searches were carried out in the databases Web of Science; PubMed; PsycINFO in March 2019 and updated in October 2020. Studies were selected and examined if they: (1) focused on assessing age-related cognitive changes in persons with ID; (2) included adults and/or older adults; (3) included scales and batteries for cognitive assessment. Results: Forty-eight cross-sectional studies and twenty-seven longitudinal studies were selected representing a total sample of 6451 participants (4650 DS and 1801 with other ID). In those studies, we found 39 scales, questionnaires, and inventories, and 13 batteries for assessing cognitive and behavioural changes in adults with DS and other ID. Conclusion: The most used instrument completed by an informant or carer was the Dementia Questionnaire for Learning Disabilities (DLD), and its previous versions. We discuss the strengths and limitations of the instruments and outline recommendations for future use.

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Guidelines for the evaluation of dementia and age-related cognitive change.

2012

American Psychologist

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The literature cited herein does not reflect a systematic meta-analysis or review of the literature but rather was selected by the panel to emphasize clinical best practices. Care was taken to avoid endorsing specific products, tools, or proprietary approaches. No direct financial support was provided for the development of these guidelines.These guidelines are scheduled to expire as APA policy in February 2021. After this date, users are encouraged to contact the APA Public Interest Directorate to determine whether this document remains in effect.

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Overview of the neuropsychological assessment of dementia in intellectual disability

Cited by 3 publications

References 41 publications

Assessment of dementia in a clinical sample of persons with intellectual disability

Assessment of dementia in a clinical sample of persons with intellectual disability

Screening of Cognitive Changes in Adults with Intellectual Disabilities: A Systematic Review

Guidelines for the evaluation of dementia and age-related cognitive change.

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