Overview of the National Jet Fuels Combustion Program

Colket, Meredith B.; Heyne, Joshua S.; Rumizen, Mark; Gupta, Mohan L.; Edwards, Tim; Roquemore, W. M.; Andac, Gurhan; Boehm, R.; Lovett, Jeffery A.; Williams, R P; Condevaux, Jamey; Turner, David; Rizk, N. K.; Tishkoff, Julian M.; Li, Chiping; Moder, Jeffrey P.; Friend, Daniel G.; Sankaran, Vaidyanathan

doi:10.2514/1.j055361

Cited by 194 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The development of alternative fuels has been identified by the United States Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) as a critical need for the transportation industry [1]. It is expected that feedstocks for fuels will transition to some combination of conventional sources, unconventional sources such as tar sands and shale oil [2], and biomass [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is expected that feedstocks for fuels will transition to some combination of conventional sources, unconventional sources such as tar sands and shale oil [2], and biomass [1]. The substances that are produced from refining these different feedstocks differ in their composition and therefore their suitability for use as fuel may not be known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is especially true in aviation, due to the certification required by regulatory bodies such as the United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) [1]. In order to certify a new fuel for service, full-scale engine tests must be performed that can consume millions of liters of fuel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unsupervised classification of petroleum Certified Reference Materials and other fuels by chemometric analysis of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry data

Rocha

Schantz

Sheen

et al. 2017

Fuel

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As feedstocks transition from conventional oil to unconventional petroleum sources and biomass, it will be necessary to determine whether a particular fuel or fuel blend is suitable for use in engines. Certifying a fuel as safe for use is time-consuming and expensive and must be performed for each new fuel. In principle, suitability of a fuel should be completely determined by its chemical composition. This composition can be probed through use of detailed analytical techniques such as gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). In traditional analysis, chromatograms would be used to determine the details of the composition. In the approach taken in this paper, the chromatogram is assumed to be entirely representative of the composition of a fuel, and is used directly as the input to an algorithm in order to develop a model that is predictive of a fuel's suitability. When a new fuel is proposed for service, its suitability for any application could then be ascertained by using this model to compare its chromatogram with those of the fuels already known to be suitable for that application. In this paper, we lay the mathematical and informatics groundwork for a predictive model of hydrocarbon properties. The objective of this work was to develop a reliable model for unsupervised classification of the hydrocarbons as a prelude to developing a predictive model of their engine-relevant physical and chemical properties. A set of hydrocarbons including biodiesel fuels, gasoline, highway and marine diesel fuels, and crude oils was collected and GC-MS profiles obtained. These profiles were then analyzed using multi-way principal components analysis (MPCA), principal factors analysis (PARAFAC), and a self-organizing map (SOM), which is a kind of artificial neural network. It was found that, while MPCA and PARAFAC were able to recover descriptive models of the fuels, their linear nature obscured some of the finer physical details due to the widely varying composition of the fuels. The SOM was able to find a descriptive classification model which has the potential for practical recognition and perhaps prediction of fuel properties.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unsupervised classification of petroleum Certified Reference Materials and other fuels by chemometric analysis of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry data

Rocha

Schantz

Sheen

et al. 2017

Fuel

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“…It is extremely hard to obtain the rate constants of every reaction accurately. In fact many of the rate constants have been estimated or guessed [25].…”

Section: Chemical Kinetic Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The National Jet Fuel Combustion Program (NJFCP) has categorized these fuels into Category A and C types fuels [25]. Some of the fuels investigated by NJFCP along with surrogate and single component fuels are listed in Table 5.1.…”

Section: Introduction and Background On Jet Fuel And Jet Fuel Surrogatementioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel Pyrolysis at Atmospheric and Elevated Pressure Conditions in Micro-Flow Tube Reactor

Shrestha

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Improved efficiency and reduced emissions are essential elements of more sustainable propulsion systems. In addition to providing energy, the fuel in propulsion systems can be also used as coolant for critical engine components. Both the choice of fuel and understanding the fuel pyrolysis and oxidation behavior is critical for design of future propulsion systems. Specifically, well validated chemical kinetic models are needed in designing such systems. A fundamental approach in developing detailed chemical kinetic models is to start with the simplest fuel molecule and progressively increase the complexity of the molecular structure. Unfortunately, real fuels, and jet fuels in particular, consist of hundreds of hydrocarbon species and therefore the development of appropriate chemical kinetic models is challenging. As part of development of chemical kinetic models for these complex fuels, several surrogate models have been identified in order to simplify the modelling effort. Despite the fact that the surrogate reaction models represent a major simplification, they are still too large and require further simplification before implementation in computational simulation of propulsion systems.The present research work aims at solving this problem by decoupling the fuel pyrolysis and oxidation processes. The idea of semi-global model with a fast-thermal pyrolysis of large fuel molecules, in combination with more detailed H2/C1-C4 base model, is considered. The work described here is mainly focused on the experimental aspects of fuel decomposition into H2 and C1-C4 species. For this purpose, a novel micro flow tube reactor (MFTR) with a small mixing volume was designed and developed. Extensive investigations were performed to better understand the uncertainties associated with

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Influence of the double bond position in combustion chemistry of methyl butene isomers: A shock tube and laser absorption study

Arafin

Laich

Ninnemann

et al. 2020

Int J of Chemical Kinetics

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Shock tube experiments have been carried out on 2-methyl-1-butene (2M1B), 2-methyl-2-butene (2M2B), and 3-methyl-1-butene (3M1B)-the three isomers of methyl butene compound. Carbon monoxide (CO) time-histories and ignition delay times are obtained behind reflected shockwaves over the temperature range of 1350-1630 K and pressures of 8.3-10.5 atm with stoichiometric mixtures of 0.075% fuel in O 2 /Ar. Comparative ignition study reveals that 3M1B ignites significantly faster than the other two isomers, while 2M1B dissociates earlier but ignites later than 2M2B. Possible mechanisms for this behavior are discussed with ignition delay time sensitivity and reaction path analysis. In addition, timeresolved CO measurements are compared with three different reaction mechanisms from the literature. Sensitivity analyses have been carried out to identify important reactions that need attention to accurately predict the chemistry of these isomers. Further investigation into the rates of unimolecular fuel decomposition reactions and C 3 H 3 + O 2 = CH 2 CO + HCO reaction are suggested based on the current investigation.

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Overview of the National Jet Fuels Combustion Program

Cited by 194 publications

References 22 publications

Unsupervised classification of petroleum Certified Reference Materials and other fuels by chemometric analysis of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry data

Unsupervised classification of petroleum Certified Reference Materials and other fuels by chemometric analysis of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry data

Fuel Pyrolysis at Atmospheric and Elevated Pressure Conditions in Micro-Flow Tube Reactor

Influence of the double bond position in combustion chemistry of methyl butene isomers: A shock tube and laser absorption study

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