Overview of the findings from measurements of halogenated compounds at Gosan (Jeju Island, Korea) quantifying emissions in East Asia

Abstract

With increased economic growth in East Asia, regional emissions of many anthropogenic halogenated compounds now constitute a substantial fraction of the global totals. Here, we summarize recently reported findings from measurements of a wide range of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ), and other halogenated compounds at Gosan (Jeju Island, Korea) within the advanced global atmospheric gases experiment (AGAGE). General wind patterns at Gosan bring air masses from the surrounding areas, allowing the monitoring of both clean baseline and polluted air masses. We have analyzed our measurements since November 2007 both with an interspecies correlation method and with an inversion method based on the FLEXPART Lagrangian particle dispersion model to estimate these regional emissions. The results show that emissions of halogenated compounds in East Asia account for over 20% of global emissions, both in terms of ozone depletion potential (ODP) and global warming potential (GWP), and emphasize the importance of atmospheric measurements for quantifying emissions of these compounds in this region.

Top-down and bottom-up estimates of anthropogenic methyl bromide emissions from eastern China

“…at the southwestern tip of Jeju Island, South Korea (see Fig. 1), is ideally located to monitor regional background mole fractions of atmospheric trace gases due to minimal influence of local anthropogenic pollution sources and the strong pollution outflows from China, Korea, and Japan in East Asia (Kim et al, 2012;Li et al, 2011Li et al, , 2014Park et al, 2018).…”

“…Unlike most other ODSs, CH 3 Br has both natural and anthropogenic sources. The principal natural emission sources are the ocean (Hu et al, 2012), salt marshes (Montzka et al, 2011), wetlands (Lee-Taylor and Holland, 2000), fungi (Lee-Taylor and Holland, 2000;Lee-Taylor et al, 2001), and plants such as mangroves or shrubs (Rhew et al, 2001;Manley et al, 2007). Anthropogenic emission sources include fumigation (Carpenter et al, 2014), agricultural and biofuel biomass burning (Andreae and Merlet, 2001), and the rapeseed industry (Gan et al, 1998;Mead et al, 2008).…”

Supplementary material to "A global re-analysis of regionally resolved emissions and atmospheric mole fractions of SF6 for the period 2005–2021"

“…Observations from HFD (Arnold et al, 2019), BSD 10 were found at the CEDA data base (CEDA, 2023), and measurements for ZEP (2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010) were found at the EBAS database (Tørseth et al, 2012). For the observations at BIK (Popa et al, 2010), BRM (Rust et al, 2022), GSN (Kim et al, 2012), and HAT (Saikawa et al, 2012) we refer to E. Popa <epopa2@yahoo.com>, S. Reinmann <stefan.reimann@empa.ch>, S. Park <sparky@knu.ac.kr>, and T. Global Air Sampling Network (Lan et al, 2023;Dlugokencky et al, 2020). For APB and NAT, INPE collected the samples, and the analysis was done together with NOAA/GML.…”

Observations of High Levels of Ozone-Depleting CFC-11 at a Remote Mountain-Top Site in Southern China

“…A number of recent studies based on atmospheric measurements and modeling have consistently shown a significant increase in the emissions of CFC-11 in East Asia. − Emissions of CFC-11 in East Asia are of global significance, due to the large emissions from the fast-growing economies in this region. China, an Article-5 country under the MPA, is particularly important as it currently is the largest contributor to East Asia’s total CFC-11 emissions .…”