Overview of the CO2CRC Otway Residual Saturation And Dissolution Test

Paterson, Lincoln; Boreham, Chris; Bunch, Mark; Dance, Tess; Ennis‐King, Jonathan; Freifeld, Barry; Haese, Ralf R.; Jenkins, Charles; LaForce, Tara; Raab, Matthias; Singh, Rajindar; Stalker, Linda; Zhang, Yingqi

doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2013.06.543

Cited by 58 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The full test sequence as implemented is discussed in detail in Paterson et al (2013) and only the parts relevant to the noble gas tracers are highlighted here. Fig.…”

Section: Field Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual CO2 saturation estimate using noble gas tracers in a single-well field test: The CO2CRC Otway project

LaForce

Ennis‐King

Boreham

et al. 2014

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

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“…The full test sequence as implemented is discussed in detail in Paterson et al (2013) and only the parts relevant to the noble gas tracers are highlighted here. Fig.…”

Section: Field Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual CO2 saturation estimate using noble gas tracers in a single-well field test: The CO2CRC Otway project

LaForce

Ennis‐King

Boreham

et al. 2014

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

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“…CO 2 -soluble tracers have been deployed in several projects (Freifeld et al, 2005;Jenkins et al, 2012;Lu et al, 2013;Paterson et al, 2010), for multiple purposes. Tracers can be important as a methods of uniquely identifying the injected CO 2 , especially in the containment context because CO 2 is ubiquitous in the environment, but tracers are not.…”

Section: Geochemical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Non-reactive tracers can give insight into details of pore-scale flow, since they may be less or more soluble than CO 2 in the pore fluids. At Otway, experiments with noble gas tracers were used to make direct measurements of residual trapping in a deep injection (LaForce et al, 2014;Paterson et al, 2010). Tracer use must be managed with strict protocols to limit cross-contamination, and to reserve tracers for different uses so that they do not interfere or overlap.…”

Section: Geochemical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The state of the art in monitoring and verification—Ten years on

Jenkins

Chadwick

Hovorka

2015

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

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183

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a b s t r a c tIn the ten years since publication of the IPCC Special Report on CCS, there has been considerable progress in monitoring and verification (M&V). Numerous injection projects, ranging from small injection pilots to much larger longer-term commercial operations, have been successfully monitored to the satisfaction of regulatory agencies, and technologies have been adapted and implemented to demonstrate containment, conformance, and no environmental impact. In this review we consider M&V chiefly from the perspective of its ability to satisfy stakeholders that these three key requirements are being met. From selected project examples, we show how this was done, and reflect particularly on the nature of the verification process. It is clear that deep-focussed monitoring will deliver the primary requirement to demonstrate conformance and containment and to provide early warning of any deviations from predicted storage behaviour. Progress in seismic imaging, especially offshore, and the remarkable results with InSAR from In Salah are highlights of the past decade. A wide range of shallow monitoring techniques has been tested at many sites, focussing especially on the monitoring of soil gas and groundwater. Quantification of any detected emissions would be required in some jurisdictions to satisfy carbon mitigation targets in the event of leakage to surface: however, given the likely high security of foreseeable storage sites, we suggest that shallow monitoring should focus mainly on assuring against environmental impacts. This reflects the low risk profile of well selected and well operated storage sites and recognizes the over-arching need for monitoring to be directed to specific, measureable risks. In particular, regulatory compliance might usefully involve clearer articulation of leakage scenarios, with this specificity making it possible to demonstrate "no leakage" in a more objective way than is currently the case. We also consider the monitoring issues for CO 2 -EOR, and argue that there are few technical problems in providing assurance that EOR sites are successfully sequestering CO 2 ; the issues lie largely in linking existing oil and gas regulations to new greenhouse gas policy. We foresee that, overall, monitoring technologies will continue to benefit from synergies with oil and gas operations, but that the distinctive regulatory and certification environments for CCS may pose new questions. Overall, while there is clearly scope for technical improvements, more clearly posed requirements, and better communication of monitoring results, we reiterate that this has been a decade of significant achievement that leaves monitoring and verification well placed to serve the wider CCS enterprise.Crown

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“…While initial results had limited data quality, the results demonstrated that DAS data could be acquired with the MBM fibres at Citronelle. The results from the 2012 test were reported in [12]. Following discussions with project team members, we proposed to work with the Citronelle sequestration project team (part of the Southeast Carbon Sequestration Partnership, SECARB) and Silixa to acquire new DAS data with the MBM system.…”

Section: Baseline Mbm Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A further use two vertically separated pressure measurements within a monitoring borehole is to gauge the thickness of a plume of CO 2 . Vertically stacked pressure sensors were used during the Australian CO2CRC Otway Stage 2 Residual Saturation Test to identify the thickness of a column of CO 2 within the brine saturated Paarratte Formation [12]. Other uses for pressure monitoring include using a pressure sensor above or within a sealing formation to monitor the performance of the cement to isolate the reservoir.…”

Section: Pressure and Temperature Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Modular Borehole Monitoring Program: a research program to optimize well-based monitoring for geologic carbon sequestration

et al. 2014

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Understanding the impacts caused by injection of large volumes of CO 2 in the deep subsurface necessitates a comprehensive monitoring strategy. While surface-based and other remote geophysical methods can provide information on the general morphology of a CO 2 plume, verification of the geochemical conditions and validation of the remote sensing data requires measurements from boreholes that penetrate the storage formation. Unfortunately, the high cost of drilling deep wellbores and deploying instrumentation systems constrains the number of dedicated monitoring borings as well as limits the technologies that can be incorporated in a borehole completion. The objective of the Modular Borehole Monitoring (MBM) Program was to develop a robust suite of well-based tools optimized for subsurface monitoring of CO 2 that could meet the needs of a comprehensive well-based monitoring program. It should have enough flexibility to be easily reconfigured for various reservoir geometries and geologies. The MBM Program sought to provide storage operators with a turn-key fully engineered design that incorporated key technologies, function over the decades long time-span necessary for post-closure reservoir monitoring, and meet industry acceptable risk profiles for deep-well installations.While still within the conceptual design phase of the MBM program, the SECARB Anthropogenic Test in Citronelle, Alabama, USA was identified as a deployment site for our engineered monitoring systems. The initial step in designing the Citronelle MBM system was to down-select from the various monitoring tools available to include technologies that we considered essential to any program. Monitoring methods selected included U-tube geochemical sampling, discrete quartz pressure and temperature gauges, an integrated fibre-optic bundle consisting of distributed temperature and heat-pulse sensing, and a sparse string of conventional 3C-geophones. While not originally planned within the initial MBM work scope, the fibre-optic cable was able to also be used for the emergent technology of distributed acoustic sensing. The MBM monitoring string was installed in March, 2012. To date, the Citronelle MBM instruments continue to operate reliably. Results and lessons learned from the Citronelle MBM deployment are addressed along with examples of data being collected.

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Overview of the CO2CRC Otway Residual Saturation And Dissolution Test

Cited by 58 publications

References 11 publications

Residual CO2 saturation estimate using noble gas tracers in a single-well field test: The CO2CRC Otway project

Residual CO2 saturation estimate using noble gas tracers in a single-well field test: The CO2CRC Otway project

The state of the art in monitoring and verification—Ten years on

The Modular Borehole Monitoring Program: a research program to optimize well-based monitoring for geologic carbon sequestration

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