Overview of the challenges and solutions for 5G channel coding schemes

Indoonundon, Madhavsingh; Fowdur, Tulsi Pawan

doi:10.1080/24751839.2021.1954752

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“… The results show that AWGN BER approximation outperforms conventional 64-QAM and M-PSK systems. The results also show that the proposed approach outmatched previous BER conputation approaches i.e ., ( Al-Barrak et al, 2017 ; Mergu, 2016 ; Tiwari, Hirwe & Dubey, 2013 ; Indoonundon & Pawan Fowdur, 2021 ; Saleh & Hasson, 2019 ; Hajiyat et al, 2019 ; Hamarsheh et al, 2022 ) shown in results and discussion section. The performance of the proposed model is compared with IEEE 802.11bd and V2X NR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Millimeter-wave channel modeling in a VANETs using coding techniques

Ahmed

Rasheed

Omar

2023

PeerJ Computer Science

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The Vehicular ad-Hoc Network (VANET) is envisioned to ensure wireless transmission with ultra-high reliability. In the presence of fading and mobility of vehicles, error-free information between Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) requires extensive investigation. The current literature lacks in designing an ultra-reliable comprehensive tractable model for VANET using millimeter wave. Ultra-reliable communication is needed to support autonomous vehicular communication. This article aims to provide a comprehensive tractable model for VANET over millimeter waves using Space-Time-Block-Coding (STBC) concatenated with Reed Solomon (RS) coding. The designed model provides the fastest way of designing and analyzing VANET networks on 60 GHz. By using the derived BER expressions and Reed Solomon coded doppler expression ultra-reliable vehicular networks can be build meeting the demands of massive growing volume of traffic. The performance of the model is compared with previous BER computational techniques and existing VANET communication systems, i.e., IEEE 802.11bd and 3rd generation partnership project vehicle to everything (3GPP V2X). The findings show that our proposed approach outperforms IEEE 802.11bd and the results are comparable with V2X NR. Packet Error Rate (PER), Packet Reception Ratio (PRR) and throughput are used as performance metrics. We have also evaluated the model on higher velocities of vehicles. Further, the simulation and numerical findings show that the proposed system surpass the existing BER results comprising of various modulation and coding techniques. The simulation results are verified by the numerical results there-by, showing the accuracy of our derived expressions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Millimeter-wave channel modeling in a VANETs using coding techniques

Ahmed

Rasheed

Omar

2023

PeerJ Computer Science

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“…When there is no pre‐code, then this type is the LT code. As an example of a Pre‐Code Only (PCO) Raptor codes for this case are an extension of LT codes [22].…”

Section: Rate‐less Fountain Code Utilizing For Mimomentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance enhancing of MIMO‐OFDM system utilizing different interleaving techniques with rate‐less fountain raptor code

et al. 2022

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Due to the importance of both rate-less digital fountain codes and Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) schemes in Fifth and Sixth Generation (5G/6G) wireless networks, this paper investigates enhancing the performance of MIMO-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) based system by employing the rate-less fountain codes. The rate-less codes, such as the Tornado codes and Raptor codes, have a flexible code rate that differs from the classical channel coding schemes. This paper uses Raptor code to study the MIMO system's performance with the rate-less codes over different wireless communications channels. The proposed MIMO-fountain code-based system has been tested over the various wireless communication channel conditions concerning the varied Frequency Doppler (FD). In the proposed rate-less wireless communication system, multiple interleaving techniques and equalizers are used to improve its performance. Computer-based simulation experiments are assigned to evaluate the MIMO-fountain code system using the different data transmission scenarios. Simulation results confirm the superiority of the presented wireless rate-less system compared to fixed-rate wireless systems in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER) and throughput.

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“…Shannon showed and proved that by transmitting the data at a rate that is less than the channel capacity, errors caused by the channel can be minimized by using suitable encoding and decoding methods [9]. Since then, many researchers have been experimenting with various approaches to construct error correction codes [10]. However, only after the invention of the Turbo code, Shannon's channel limits could be significantly approached [11].…”

Section: ‫لرموز‬ ‫المختلفة‬ ‫المرنة‬ ‫التشفير‬ ‫فك‬ ‫خوارزميات‬ ‫أداء...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the invention of the Turbo codes, MacKay and Neal rediscovered the LDPC codes and found that these codes had a decoding performance close to the channel capacity using iterative decoding algorithms for large code lengths [13,14]. While Turbo codes are used in the third-generation (3G) and the fourth-generation (4G) mobile communication systems, the LDPC codes are adopted in many wireless communication standards as channel coding such as IEEE 802.16e (WiMAX), IEEE 802.11n, and Digital Video Broadcast/ satellite second generation (DVB-S2) [10,15,16]. The LDPC and the Turbo codes are only channelapproaching codes, whereas the Polar code is the first proven channel-achieving code with low-complexity encoding and decoding methods [17].…”

Section: ‫لرموز‬ ‫المختلفة‬ ‫المرنة‬ ‫التشفير‬ ‫فك‬ ‫خوارزميات‬ ‫أداء...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the channel decoder must be flexible and support different code rates and block lengths to enable its usage in a wide range of situations. Decoder flexibility will minimize the usage of wasteful encoded bits that degrade spectrum efficiency, latency, and system throughput [10,18]. The contribution of this paper is to provide an evaluation and comparison of four different decoding algorithms for the new radio (NR) LDPC codes, namely Belief Propagation (BP), Layered Belief Propagation (LBP), Normalized min-sum (NMS), and Offset min-sum (OMS) decoding algorithms.…”

Section: ‫لرموز‬ ‫المختلفة‬ ‫المرنة‬ ‫التشفير‬ ‫فك‬ ‫خوارزميات‬ ‫أداء...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance Analysis of Different Flexible Decoding Algorithms for NR-LDPC Codes

Salih

Al-Qaradaghi

Ameen

2022

Tikrit j. eng. sci.

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Channel coding technique is a fundamental building block in any modern communication system to realize reliable, fast, and secure data transmission. At the same time, it is a challenging and crucial task, as the data transmission happens in a channel where noise, fading, and other impairments are present. The Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes give substantial results close to the Shannon limit when the complexity and processing delay time are unlimited. In this paper, the performance of the LDPC decoding with four algorithms was investigated. The investigated four algorithms were Belief Propagation (BP), Layered Belief Propagation (LBP), Normalized min-sum (NMS), and Offset min-sum (OMS). These algorithms were examined for code rates ranging from 1/3 to 9/10 and message block lengths (64, 512, 1024, and 5120) bits. The simulation results revealed the flexibility of these decoders in supporting these code rates and block lengths, which enables their usage in a wide range of applications and scenarios for fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication. In addition, the effect of the maximum number of decoding iterations on the error correction performance was investigated, and a gain of 5.6 dB can be obtained by using 32 decoding iterations at BER=2*10-3 instead of one decoding iteration. The results showed that the decoders performed better for longer message blocks than for short message blocks, and less power was required for transmitting longer messages. Finally, the comparison results of their performance in terms of bit error rate (BER) under the same conditions showed a gain of 0.8 dB using LBP at BER= 10-5 compared with the NMS decoding algorithm.

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Overview of the challenges and solutions for 5G channel coding schemes

Cited by 18 publications

References 43 publications

Millimeter-wave channel modeling in a VANETs using coding techniques

Millimeter-wave channel modeling in a VANETs using coding techniques

Performance enhancing of MIMO‐OFDM system utilizing different interleaving techniques with rate‐less fountain raptor code

Performance Analysis of Different Flexible Decoding Algorithms for NR-LDPC Codes

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