Overview of the causes of abortion in horses, their follow‐up and management

Leon, Albertine; Pillon, Clément; Tebourski, Inès; Bruyas, Jean‐François; Lupo, Coralie

doi:10.1111/rda.14406

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Prinzipiell kann zwischen nicht-infektiösen und infektiösen Ursachen eines Aborts unterschieden werden 1 , 2 . In Deutschland wurde ein Anteil infektiös bedingter Aborte von 25 – 38% aller untersuchten Fälle in verschiedenen Studien der letzten Jahre festgestellt 1 , 3 , 4 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Nachweis von Infektionserregern in Abortmaterial von Pferden

Jung

2024

pferde spiegel

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Nachweis von Infektionserregern in Abortmaterial von Pferden

Jung

2024

pferde spiegel

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“…This paper in one of a series of papers on abortion in animals commissioned by Reproduction in Domestic Animals and includes others on abortion in horses (Leon et al, 2023), in pigs (Maes et al, 2023) and in dogs (Fontbonne, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has recently been estimated that an abortion in a dairy and beef herd costs the farmer US$1415 and US$440, respectively, (Cantón et al, 2022). This paper in one of a series of papers on abortion in animals commissioned by Reproduction in Domestic Animals and includes others on abortion in horses (Leon et al, 2023), in pigs (Maes et al, 2023) and in dogs (Fontbonne, 2023).…”

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confidence: 99%

Invited review: Bovine abortion—Incidence, risk factors and causes

Mee

2023

Reprod Domestic Animals

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The true incidence of bovine abortion (42–260 days of gestation) is unknown because of under‐reporting. This is particularly true of the first half of gestation when most abortions occur. From research studies, it is estimated that the animal‐level incidence of abortion between day 45 and term is approximately 10%, being lower in suckler than in dairy cows. While wide variation exists in herd‐level incidence, up to 30%, it is estimated that less than 5% of farmers report high (>5%) observed abortion rates. Given these figures, veterinary practitioners and farmers tend to use investigation thresholds close to these values, ≥5 and ≥3%, respectively. Most of the risk factors for abortion are animal‐level factors (e.g. parity), but there are also herd‐level factors (e.g. enterprise type). Of the many risk factors for bovine abortion, only a small number are modifiable. While the causes of bovine abortion are often classified as noninfectious or infectious, in reality, this means diagnosis not reached (DNR) or infectious. Approximately 40% of abortions are diagnosed as infectious and the remaining 60% as DNR; DNR includes both infectious and noninfectious causes not diagnosed. Increasingly, genetic causes are being diagnosed and changes to current national genetic selection indices may be warranted. Of the infectious causes, Neospora caninum is now the most commonly diagnosed abortifacient internationally, followed by Trueperella pyogenes, BVDv and fungi. Both national eradication programmes and effective vaccination programmes can reduce the burden of some infectious abortifacients, but the control of sporadic, noninfectious and Neospora‐associated abortions remains challenging.

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“…This article aims to review the causes of pregnancy termination in the bitch, which are found in the literature, both at the embryonic and foetal stages. This paper in one of a series of papers on abortion in animals commissioned by Reproduction in Domestic Animals and includes others on abortion in cattle (Mee, 2023), in horses (Leon et al, 2023) and in pigs (Maes et al, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes of pregnancy arrest in the canine species

Fontbonne

2023

Reprod Domestic Animals

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In the canine species, early pregnancy arrest before 30–40 days of pregnancy will induce intra‐uterine embryonic or foetal resorption, with very few clinical signs. If no genital examination by ultrasound is performed at that time, it will often remain unnoticed and the bitch will be qualified as infertile. It is only when pregnancy stops at a later stage, mostly after 40 days, that clinical signs will be seen. Expulsion of aborted foetuses or placentas may be observed, although the dam frequently eats the expelled tissues. Intra‐uterine mummification may also occur. This article reviews the causes of pregnancy termination in the bitch, both at the embryonic and the foetal stages, reported in the literature. Canine brucellosis is by far the most important disease concerned in this aspect. There is an important current concern about this disease, due to the fact that several outbreaks have been observed recently in Europe, and that it is a very contagious disease; it may be an underestimated zoonosis. Other bacterial causes of pregnancy arrest are sporadic. There is, however, a growing attention towards the microbiological content of raw food diets which are more and more popular among dog breeders and may—if badly prepared—contain abortifacient bacteria such as Campylobacter jejuni or Listeria monocytogenes. The abortifacient role of endogenous vaginal bacteria and mycoplasms remains unclear and may be related to an imbalanced vaginal flora with subsequent ascending bacterial contamination of the uterus. The role of Canine Herpesvirus on abortion is controversial and probably not frequent. Other viruses have been shown experimentally to induce abortion but their natural occurrence in this respect remains unknown. The same applies to the parasite Neospora caninum which is suspected, but not proven, potentially to induce pregnancy arrest in bitches. Among non‐infectious causes, uterine pathology such as cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) or sub‐clinical post‐mating endometritis which can cause infertility and may also induce embryonic resorption. The role of luteal insufficiency in pregnancy arrest is probably overestimated.

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Overview of the causes of abortion in horses, their follow‐up and management

Cited by 12 publications

References 57 publications

Nachweis von Infektionserregern in Abortmaterial von Pferden

Nachweis von Infektionserregern in Abortmaterial von Pferden

Invited review: Bovine abortion—Incidence, risk factors and causes

Causes of pregnancy arrest in the canine species

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