Overview of the CALIPSO Mission and CALIOP Data Processing Algorithms

Winker, David M.; Vaughan, Mark; Omar, Ali; Hu, Yongxiang; Powell, Kathleen A.; Liu, Zhaoyan; Hunt, William H.; Young, Stuart A.

doi:10.1175/2009jtecha1281.1

Cited by 2,064 publications

(1,756 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…The lidar is equipped with a Nd:YAG laser producing highly polarized co-aligned beams with wavelengths of 532 and 1064 nm. Clouds and different types of aerosol particles can be identified since the shape and size of particles and droplets cause different scattering properties at these wavelengths (Winker et al, 2009). …”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition and evolution of volcanic aerosol from eruptions of Kasatochi, Sarychev and Eyjafjallajökull in 2008–2010 based on CARIBIC observations

et al. 2013

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Large volcanic eruptions impact significantly on climate and lead to ozone depletion due to injection of particles and gases into the stratosphere where their residence times are long. In this the composition of volcanic aerosol is an important but inadequately studied factor. Samples of volcanically influenced aerosol were collected following the Kasatochi (Alaska), Sarychev (Russia) and also during the Eyjafjallajökull (Iceland) eruptions in the period 2008–2010. Sampling was conducted by the CARIBIC platform during regular flights at an altitude of 10–12 km as well as during dedicated flights through the volcanic clouds from the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in spring 2010. Elemental concentrations of the collected aerosol were obtained by accelerator-based analysis. Aerosol from the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic clouds was identified by high concentrations of sulphur and elements pointing to crustal origin, and confirmed by trajectory analysis. Signatures of volcanic influence were also used to detect volcanic aerosol in stratospheric samples collected following the Sarychev and Kasatochi eruptions. In total it was possible to identify 17 relevant samples collected between 1 and more than 100 days following the eruptions studied. The volcanically influenced aerosol mainly consisted of ash, sulphate and included a carbonaceous component. Samples collected in the volcanic cloud from Eyjafjallajökull were dominated by the ash and sulphate component (&sim;45% each) while samples collected in the tropopause region and LMS mainly consisted of sulphate (50–77%) and carbon (21–43%). These fractions were increasing/decreasing with the age of the aerosol. Because of the long observation period, it was possible to analyze the evolution of the relationship between the ash and sulphate components of the volcanic aerosol. From this analysis the residence time (1/e) of sulphur dioxide in the studied volcanic cloud was estimated to be 45 ± 22 days

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Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition and evolution of volcanic aerosol from eruptions of Kasatochi, Sarychev and Eyjafjallajökull in 2008–2010 based on CARIBIC observations

et al. 2013

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“…The CALIOP instrument is a dual wavelength polarization sensitive lidar that provides high vertical resolution profiles of backscatter coefficients at 532 and 1064 nm (Winker et al, 2009). The CALIOP instrument is a part of the CALIPSO nadir viewing sun-synchronous satellite system inclined at 98 • at an altitude of 705 km.…”

Section: Caliop Instrument On Calipsomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The wintertime polar regions have been covered for several years by remote sensing satellite instruments which are not dependent on the sun as a light source. A 10-year archive (2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012) of measurements from the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) (Fischer et al, 2008) instrument on board ESA's Environment Satellite (Envisat) and ongoing measurements from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) instrument from the NASA/CNES Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) mission (Winker et al, 2009), which started in May 2006, are available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multi-wavelength classification method for polar stratospheric cloud types using infrared limb spectra

et al. 2016

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Abstract. The Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) instrument on board the ESA Envisat satellite operated from July 2002 until April 2012. The infrared limb emission measurements represent a unique dataset of daytime and night-time observations of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) up to both poles. Cloud detection sensitivity is comparable to space-borne lidars, and it is possible to classify different cloud types from the spectral measurements in different atmospheric windows regions.Here we present a new infrared PSC classification scheme based on the combination of a well-established two-colour ratio method and multiple 2-D brightness temperature difference probability density functions. The method is a simple probabilistic classifier based on Bayes' theorem with a strong independence assumption. The method has been tested in conjunction with a database of radiative transfer model calculations of realistic PSC particle size distributions, geometries, and composition. The Bayesian classifier distinguishes between solid particles of ice and nitric acid trihydrate (NAT), as well as liquid droplets of super-cooled ternary solution (STS).The classification results are compared to coincident measurements from the space-borne lidar Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) instrument over the temporal overlap of both satellite missions (June 2006-March 2012. Both datasets show a good agreement for the specific PSC classes, although the viewing geometries and the vertical and horizontal resolution are quite different. Discrepancies are observed between the CALIOP and the MI-PAS ice class. The Bayesian classifier for MIPAS identifies substantially more ice clouds in the Southern Hemisphere polar vortex than CALIOP. This disagreement is attributed in part to the difference in the sensitivity on mixed-type clouds. Ice seems to dominate the spectral behaviour in the limb infrared spectra and may cause an overestimation in ice occurrence compared to the real fraction of ice within the PSC area in the polar vortex.The entire MIPAS measurement period was processed with the new classification approach. Examples like the detection of the Antarctic NAT belt during early winter, and its possible link to mountain wave events over the Antarctic Peninsula, which are observed by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument, highlight the importance of a climatology of 9 Southern Hemisphere and 10 Northern Hemisphere winters in total. The new dataset is valuable both for detailed process studies, and for comparisons with and improvements of the PSC parameterizations used in chemistry transport and climate models.

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“…In order to estimate the global distribution of the precision of MERLIN's methane column concentration measurements, satellite observations by CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations) [Winker et al, 2009] and MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) [Schaaf et al, 2002] covering the whole year 2007 are used to constrain the simulation as closely as possible to real-world conditions, in an approach similar to the works of Kawa et al [2010]. Figure 1 illustrates this approach.…”

Section: Model Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance simulations for a spaceborne methane lidar mission

et al. 2014

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Future spaceborne lidar measurements of key anthropogenic greenhouse gases are expected to close current observational gaps particularly over remote, polar, and aerosol-contaminated regions, where actual in situ and passive remote sensing observation techniques have difficulties. For methane, a "Methane Remote Lidar Mission" was proposed by Deutsches Zentrum für Luft-und Raumfahrt and Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in the frame of a German-French climate monitoring initiative. Simulations assess the performance of this mission with the help of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations of the earth's surface albedo and atmospheric optical depth. These are key environmental parameters for integrated path differential absorption lidar which uses the surface backscatter to measure the total atmospheric methane column. Results show that a lidar with an average optical power of 0.45 W at 1.6 μm wavelength and a telescope diameter of 0.55 m, installed on a low Earth orbit platform (506 km), will measure methane columns at precisions of 1.2%, 1.7%, and 2.1% over land, water, and snow or ice surfaces, respectively, for monthly aggregated measurement samples within areas of 50 × 50 km 2 . Globally, the mean precision for the simulated year 2007 is 1.6%, with a standard deviation of 0.7%. At high latitudes, a lower reflectance due to snow and ice is compensated by denser measurements, owing to the orbital pattern. Over key methane source regions such as densely populated areas, boreal and tropical wetlands, or permafrost, our simulations show that the measurement precision will be between 1 and 2%.

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Overview of the CALIPSO Mission and CALIOP Data Processing Algorithms

Cited by 2,064 publications

References 36 publications

Composition and evolution of volcanic aerosol from eruptions of Kasatochi, Sarychev and Eyjafjallajökull in 2008–2010 based on CARIBIC observations

Composition and evolution of volcanic aerosol from eruptions of Kasatochi, Sarychev and Eyjafjallajökull in 2008–2010 based on CARIBIC observations

A multi-wavelength classification method for polar stratospheric cloud types using infrared limb spectra

Performance simulations for a spaceborne methane lidar mission

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