Overview of the Application of EMG Recording in the Diagnosis and Approach of Neurological Disorders

Wu, Yunfen; Martínez, María Ángeles Martínez; OrizaolaBalaguer, Pedro

doi:10.5772/56030

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…An EMG measures muscle activities such as the voluntary or involuntary contraction of muscles [80]. It can disclose muscle dysfunction, nerve dysfunction, and transmission problems between the nerve and muscle all causing gait impairments [81]. EMG electrodes of the sensor capture electrical signals used for muscle contraction [82].…”

Section: G Electromyography (Emg)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Latest Research Trends in Gait Analysis Using Wearable Sensors and Machine Learning: A Systematic Review

et al. 2020

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Gait is the locomotion attained through the movement of limbs and gait analysis examines the patterns (normal/abnormal) depending on the gait cycle. It contributes to the development of various applications in the medical, security, sports, and fitness domains to improve the overall outcome. Among many available technologies, two emerging technologies that play a central role in modern day gait analysis are: A) wearable sensors which provide a convenient, efficient, and inexpensive way to collect data and B) Machine Learning Methods (MLMs) which enable high accuracy gait feature extraction for analysis. Given their prominent roles, this paper presents a review of the latest trends in gait analysis using wearable sensors and Machine Learning (ML). It explores the recent papers along with the publication details and key parameters such as sampling rates, MLMs, wearable sensors, number of sensors, and their locations. Furthermore, the paper provides recommendations for selecting a MLM, wearable sensor and its location for a specific application. Finally, it suggests some future directions for gait analysis and its applications.

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Section: G Electromyography (Emg)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Latest Research Trends in Gait Analysis Using Wearable Sensors and Machine Learning: A Systematic Review

et al. 2020

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“…Thus, it might be employed to investigate abnormalities in the skeletal system and determine signs of muscular dysfunction, evaluate central or peripheral neuropathies, estimate the prognosis and severity of neuromuscular disorders, and monitor the efficacy of different therapeutic approaches. 10 Previous studies have established the accuracy of intraoperative monitoring in facial nerve identification, 11 as well as the cost-effectiveness when used for ear and temporal bone surgeries. 12 The indications for facial nerve monitoring have become increasingly diverse, and include parotidectomies, revision tympanoplasties and/or tympanomastoidectomies, cochlear implantations, surgical treatment of middle or posterior fossa tumors, and any other otologic procedure that may pose a risk to the VII cranial nerve.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial Nerve Intraoperative Monitoring in Otologic Surgeries under Sedation and Local Anesthesia – A Case Series and Literature Review

Mangia

Santos

Mansur

et al. 2020

Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol

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Introduction Local anesthesia with sedation has been employed for an increasingly number of otolaryngology procedures, and might be associated with lower surgical morbidity and costs. Facial nerve monitoring is often advisable in otology to minimize the risks of injuries to this cranial nerve, but the principles, techniques and parameters involved have only been studied for procedures under general anesthesia. Objective To report the preliminary outcomes of intraoperative facial nerve monitoring during otologic procedures under sedation and local anesthesia. Methods A total of five procedures and their respective intraoperative electrophysiological main findings were described. Facial neuromonitoring was performed using the same device by an electrophysiologist. The monitor sensitivity was set at 100 mV, and a stimulating probe was used whenever needed. Results Progressively decreasing low-amplitude baseline values were usually obtained as the level of anesthesia increased, with isolated oscillations possibly related to some degree of voluntary muscular activity. These oscillations could be easily distinguished from those of the surgical manipulation or electrical stimulation of the nerve, which tended to be of much greater amplitude and shorter latency, occurring during specific surgical steps. Conclusion With a surgical team with proper procedural knowledge and broad expertise regarding the technique, intraoperative facial nerve monitoring under local anesthesia with sedation seemed both feasible and reliable. Thus, the need for intraoperative neuromonitoring should not be an obstacle for otologic procedures under less aggressive anesthetic management.

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“…Electromyography (EMG) describes muscle activation by measuring the electrical activity of muscles (Wu et al, 2013). The EMG analysis is widely applied to monitor and evaluate the motor performance of neurotypical individuals (Brueckner et al, 2018;Singh et al, 2018) and the motor function and physiological condition of individuals with neurological deficits (Cheung et al, 2012;Singh et al, 2018;Pan et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of an Isometric End-Point Force Control Task for Electromyography Normalization and Muscle Synergy Extraction From the Upper Limb Without Maximum Voluntary Contraction

Cho

Barradas

Schweighofer

et al. 2022

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Muscle synergy analysis via surface electromyography (EMG) is useful to study muscle coordination in motor learning, clinical diagnosis, and neurorehabilitation. However, current methods to extract muscle synergies in the upper limb suffer from two major issues. First, the necessary normalization of EMG signals is performed via maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), which requires maximal isometric force production in each muscle. However, some individuals with motor impairments have difficulties producing maximal effort in the MVC task. In addition, the MVC is known to be highly unreliable, with widely different forces produced in repeated measures. Second, synergy extraction in the upper limb is typically performed with a multidirection reaching task. However, some participants with motor impairments cannot perform this task because it requires precise motor control. In this study, we proposed a new isometric rotating task that does not require precise motor control or large forces. In this task, participants maintain a cursor controlled by the arm end-point force on a target that rotates at a constant angular velocity at a designated force level. To relax constraints on motor control precision, the target is widened and blurred. To obtain a reference EMG value for normalization without requiring maximal effort, we estimated a linear relationship between joint torques and muscle activations. We assessed the reliability of joint torque normalization and synergy extraction in the rotating task in young neurotypical individuals. Compared with normalization with MVC, joint torque normalization allowed reliable EMG normalization at low force levels. In addition, the extraction of synergies was as reliable and more stable than with the multidirection reaching task. The proposed rotating task can, therefore, be used in future motor learning, clinical diagnosis, and neurorehabilitation studies.

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Overview of the Application of EMG Recording in the Diagnosis and Approach of Neurological Disorders

Cited by 18 publications

References 87 publications

Latest Research Trends in Gait Analysis Using Wearable Sensors and Machine Learning: A Systematic Review

Latest Research Trends in Gait Analysis Using Wearable Sensors and Machine Learning: A Systematic Review

Facial Nerve Intraoperative Monitoring in Otologic Surgeries under Sedation and Local Anesthesia – A Case Series and Literature Review

Design of an Isometric End-Point Force Control Task for Electromyography Normalization and Muscle Synergy Extraction From the Upper Limb Without Maximum Voluntary Contraction

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